This PR fixes wrong size argument passed in `strncmp(arg, "--parent-pid", 10)` as the `"--parent-pid"` string has length of 12.

Closes #1502

When index_merge_sort_union is turned off only ror scans were considered for range
scans, which is wrong.
To fix the problem ensure both ror scans and non ror scans are considered for range
access

It took me a long time to debug why my configs were not being loaded,
and judging from online discussions I'm not the only one. Make the
comment in the default my.cnf a bit more helpful.

The !includedir directive is implemented in mysys/my_default.c.

- f_extensions[] is a list of file extensions. It includes .ini and .cnf
  on Windows, and only .cnf on all other platforms.
- search_default_file_with_ext() contains the !includedir directive. It
  filters files in the directory to those matching f_extensions[].

This file should only be applicable on Unix-like platforms, so only
files with the .cnf extension are read.

Closes #1485

This bug could manifest itself in a very rare cases when the optimizer
chose an execution plan by which a joined table was accessed by a table
scan and the optimizer was checking whether ranges checked for each record
could improve this plan. In such cases the optimizer evaluates range
conditions over a table that depend on other tables. For such conditions
the constructed SEL_ARG trees are marked as MAYBE_KEY. If a SEL_ARG object
constructed for a sargable condition marked as RANGE_KEY had the same
first key part as a MAYBE_KEY SEL_ARG object and the key_and() function
was called for this pair of SEL_ARG objects then an invalid SEL_ARG
object could be constructed that ultimately could lead to a crash before
the execution phase.

          'index_merge_sort_union=off'

When index_merge_sort_union is set to 'off' and  index_merge_union is set
to 'on' then any evaluated index merge scan must consist only of ROR scans.
The cheapest out of such index merges must be chosen. This index merge
might not be the cheapest index merge.

Also, remove some trailing white space and add missing static
qualifier to free_annotate_event().

Emulate older API

Deleted with commit: c70a9fa1

test case only

Remove the offending test case. This sort of error is hard to test in
all possible corner cases and thus makes the test less valuable. The
overflow error will be covered by warnings generated by the compiler,
which is much more reliable in the general case.

* size represents the size of an element in the Unique class
* full_size is used when the Unique class counts the number of
duplicates stored per element. This requires additional space per Unique
element.

The string doesn't appear to be null-terminated when binlog checksums are
enabled. This causes a corrupt binlog name in the error message when a
slave is ahead of the master.

Moved to the next problematic year (2038).

Fixed the condition for waking up/creating another thread.

If there is some work to do (if the request queue is not empty),
a thread should be woken or created.

The condition was incorrect since 18c9b345

crashes on Debian 10

$glob_mysql_test_dir was the wrong directory for strace output as
it was for in-tree builds only so failed for:
* out of tree builds
* --parallel; and
* --mem

strace output wasn't saved.

strace-option never replaced existing arguments (so ammended
documentation).

strace-client didn't accept an argument as described.

Replaced specification of client with this with 'stracer' to be
consistent with --debugger option.

For consistency with debugger options, --client-strace was added to
execute the strace on the mysqltest.

Example: Running one test

$ ./mtr --strace --client-strace funcs_1.is_table_constraints
Logging: ./mtr  --strace --client-strace funcs_1.is_table_constraints
vardir: /home/anel/mariadb/5.5/mysql-test/var
Checking leftover processes...
Removing old var directory...
 - WARNING: Using the 'mysql-test/var' symlink
Creating var directory '/home/anel/mariadb/5.5/mysql-test/var'...
Checking supported features...
MariaDB Version 5.5.67-MariaDB-debug
Installing system database...
 - SSL connections supported
 - binaries are debug compiled
Collecting tests...

==============================================================================

TEST                                      RESULT   TIME (ms) or COMMENT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

worker[1] Using MTR_BUILD_THREAD 300, with reserved ports 16000..16019
funcs_1.is_table_constraints             [ pass ]   1270
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The servers were restarted 0 times
Spent 1.270 of 3 seconds executing testcases

Completed: All 1 tests were successful

$ find -L . -name \*strace -ls
      653     56 -rw-r--r--   1 anel     anel        57147 Nov 29 15:08 ./var/log/mysqltest.strace
      646   1768 -rw-r--r--   1 anel     anel      1809855 Nov 29 15:08 ./var/log/mysqld.1.strace

Example: Running test in parallel

$ mysql-test/mtr --strace --client-strace  --mem --parallel=3  main.select
Logging: /home/dan/software_projects/mariadb-server/mysql-test/mysql-test-run.pl  --strace --client-strace --mem --parallel=3 main.select
vardir: /home/dan/software_projects/build-mariadb-10.3/mysql-test/var
Checking leftover processes...
Removing old var directory...
Creating var directory '/home/dan/software_projects/build-mariadb-10.3/mysql-test/var'...
 - symlinking 'var' to '/dev/shm/var_auto_0v2E'
Checking supported features...
MariaDB Version 5.5.67-MariaDB
 - SSL connections supported
Collecting tests...
Installing system database...

==============================================================================

TEST                                  WORKER RESULT   TIME (ms) or COMMENT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

worker[1] Using MTR_BUILD_THREAD 300, with reserved ports 16000..16019
worker[3]  - 'localhost:16040' was not free
worker[2] Using MTR_BUILD_THREAD 301, with reserved ports 16020..16039
worker[3] Using MTR_BUILD_THREAD 303, with reserved ports 16060..16079
main.select                              w1 [ pass ]   7310
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The servers were restarted 0 times
Spent 7.310 of 11 seconds executing testcases

Completed: All 1 tests were successful.

$ find mysql-test/var/ -name \*strace -ls
  5213766   1212 -rw-r--r--   1  dan      dan       1237817 May 20 16:47 mysql-test/var/1/log/mysqltest.strace
  5214733  13016 -rw-r--r--   1  dan      dan      13328335 May 20 16:47 mysql-test/var/1/log/mysqld.1.strace

$ mysql-test/mtr --strace --client-strace --strace-option='-e' --strace-option='trace=openat'  --mem --parallel=3  main.select
...
$ find mysql-test/var/ -name \*strace -ls
  5220790      8 -rw-r--r--   1  dan      dan          6291 May 20 17:02 mysql-test/var/3/log/mysqltest.strace
  5224140    308 -rw-r--r--   1  dan      dan        314356 May 20 17:02 mysql-test/var/3/log/mysqld.1.strace
$ more mysql-test/var/3/mysqltest.strace
1692  openat(AT_FDCWD, "/home/dan/software_projects/mariadb-server/libmysql/.libs/tls/x86_64/x86_64/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) =
-1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
1692  openat(AT_FDCWD, "/home/dan/software_projects/mariadb-server/libmysql/.libs/tls/x86_64/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOE
NT (No such file or directory)

Closes #600

Closes #1403

Don't save/restore HP_INFO as it could be changed by a concurrent thread.
different parts of HP_INFO are protected by different mutexes and
the mutex that protect most of the HP_INFO does not protect its open_list
data.

As a bonus, make heap_check_heap() to take const HP_INFO* and not
make any changes there whatsoever.

This reverts commit 396313d3.

In debug build, whenever MEMORY table instance gets closed it performs
consistency check without protection. It may cause server crash if
executed concurrently with DML.

Moved consistency check to ha_heap::external_lock(F_UNLCK), so that it
is protected by THR_LOCK.

using a specially crafted strings one could overflow `shift`
variable and cause a crash by dereferencing d10[-2147483648]
(on a sufficiently old gcc).

This is a correct fix and a test case for

Bug #29723340: MYSQL SERVER CRASH AFTER SQL QUERY WITH DATA ?AST

update mysqlaccess version

IS NULL or <=> with unique field does not mean unique row,
because several NULL possible,
so we can not convert to normal join in this case.

Data should be sent with length.

In the function recv_parse_or_apply_log_rec_body() there are debug checks
for validating the state of the page when redo log records are being
applied. Most notably, FIL_PAGE_TYPE should be set before anything else
is being written to the page.

ibuf_add_free_page(): Set FIL_PAGE_TYPE before performing any other changes.

Apply the correct pattern for debug instrumentation:

SET @save_dbug=@@debug_dbug;
SET debug_dbug='+d,...';
...
SET debug_dbug=@save_dbug;

Numerous tests use statements of the form

SET debug_dbug='-d,...';

which will inadvertently enable all DBUG tracing output,
causing unnecessary waste of resources.