This patch resolves the problem of improper name resolution of table
references to embedded CTEs for some queries. This improper binding could
lead to
  - infinite sequence of calls of recursive functions
  - crashes due to resolution of null pointers
  - wrong result sets returned by queries
  - bogus error messages

If the definition of a CTE contains with clauses then such CTE is called
embedding CTE while CTEs from the with clauses are called embedded CTEs.
If a table reference used in the definition of an embedded CTE cannot be
resolved within the unit that contains this reference it still may be
resolved against a CTE definition from the with clause with one of the
embedding CTEs.
A table reference can be resolved against a CTE definition if it used in
the the scope of this definition and it refers to the name of the CTE.
Table reference t is in the scope of the CTE definition of CTE cte if
- the definition of cte is an element of a with clause declared as
  RECURSIVE and the reference t belongs either to the unit to which
  this with clause is attached or to one of the elements of this clause
- the definition of cte is an element of a with clause without RECURSIVE
  specifier and the reference t belongs either to the unit to which this
  with clause is attached or to one of the elements from this clause that
  are placed before the definition of cte.
If a table reference can be resolved against several CTE definitions then
it is bound to the most embedded.

The code before this patch not always resolved table references used in
embedded CTE according to the above rules.

Approved by Oleksandr Byelkin <sanja@mariadb.com>

Continue with similar changes as done in 19af1890 to replace sprintf(buf, ...)
with snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), ...), specifically in the "easy" cases where buf
is allocated with a size known at compile time.

All new code of the whole pull request, including one or several files that are
either new files or modified ones, are contributed under the BSD-new license.  I
am contributing on behalf of my employer Amazon Web Services, Inc.

When the partition table is cloned, the handlers for the partitions that were not opened
should anyway be created (but not opened).

Nowdays subquery in a UNION's ORDER BY placed correctly in fake select,
the only problem was incorrect Name_resolution_contect is fixed by this
patch in parsing, so we do not need scanning/reseting of ORDER BY of
a union.

The warning "maybe-uninitialized" raises on spd_sys_table.cc and
ha_spider.cc when the sever is compiled with CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-Og.

show error messages from mysqldump/mysqlimport

give every bootstrap server its own tmpdir, by default it's var/tmp,
which is shared in --parallel

There are currently two things causing ASAN hits on CONNECT engine when
the plugin is used as a dynamic module. These are libxml2 and libodbc.

libxml2 has some quirks when not the first and last thing called in the
main thread of an application, some of the global memory isn't cleaned
up correctly. The same is assumed of libodbc but this does not have
explicit API for this.

This is being fixed in two ways.

First we are removing the libxml2 cleanup call. This is because the
current one is messy and whatever it fixed has gone away. But also
because if this is called and libxml2 is used again this can cause
issues. For example if two different plugins to MariaDB both happen to
use libxml2.

The second fix is a hack that exploits `STB_GNU_UNIQUE` so that when
compiled with ASAN the plugin will remain in memory after dlclose().
This allows libodbc to cleanup and has the added advatage that we will
get clean stacks from ASAN for CONNECT when the leak is detected at the
end of execution.

Details of the `STB_GNU_UNIQUE` method can be found here:

https://web.archive.org/web/20100730094324/http://www.redhat.com/archives/posix-c++-wg/2009-August/msg00002.html

When an UPDATE or DELETE was executed with a WHERE condition it would
crash the MariaDB server. This is because the code expects the WHERE
condition to have generated a query string but it hasn't.

Also updates the ODBC test results for current MariaDB version.

row_log_table_apply_update(): Free the pcur.old_rec_buf before returning.
It may be allocated by btr_pcur_store_position() inside
btr_blob_log_check_t::check() and btr_store_big_rec_extern_fields().

This memory leak was introduced in
commit 2e814d47 (MariaDB Server 10.2.2)
via mysql/mysql-server@ce0a1e85e24e48b8171f767b44330da635a6ea0a
(MySQL 5.7.5).

The fix for MDEV-29352 was pushed to 10.6+ but the code causing the
bug is old and the bug is unlikely to be a recent regression in 10.6.
So, we apply the fix also to older versions, 10.3-10.5.

The original commit message:

MDEV-29352 SIGSEGV's in strlen and unknown location on optimized builds at SHUTDOWN

When the UDF creation frails to write the newly created UDF into
the related system table, the UDF is still created in memory.

However, as it is now, the related DLL is unloaded in this case right
in the mysql_create_function. And failure happens when the UDF handle
is freed and tries to unload the respective DLL which is still unloaded.

The rpl_row_img_sequence test can fail on resource
constrained buildbot machines due to its high
space consumption. To reduce this footprint, the
test is split into three parts, one for each value
of the binlog_row_img variable.

when generating a query to send to a remote server, spider generates
new aliases for all tables in the query (at least in the group_by handler).
First it walks all the expressions and create a list of new table aliases
to use for each field. Then - in init_scan() - it actually generates the
query, taking for each field the next alias from the list.

It dives recursively into functions, for example, for func(f1) it'll
go in, will see the field f1 and append to the list the new name for
the table of f1. This works fine for non-aggregate functions and
for aggregate functions in the SELECT list. But aggregate functions
in the ORDER BY are always references to the select list, they never
need to be qualified with a table name. That is, even if there is a
field name as an argument of an aggregate function in the ORDER BY
it must not append a table alias to the list. Let's just skip
aggregate functions when analyzing ORDER BY for table aliases.

This fixes spider/bugfix.mdev_29008
(was observed on aarch64, x86, ppc64le, and amd64 --rr)

* MDEV-29426 Fix memory leak in CONNECT JSON/BSON

If information is being gathered on JSON/BSON tables we leak the heap
allocated to the table class. With this fix we close and cleanup
instead, just as we do for XML tables.

The reason why mysql/mysql-server@8020cfac20c55a870a874446870d5e90bdc181ed
split the files was some unit tests that never existed in the
MariaDB Server code base. The storage/innobase/unittest/ works just fine
with this file.

This is reverting part of 2e814d47
which applied InnoDB changes from MySQL 5.7.9.

The futex system calls were introduced in Linux 2.6.0,
which was released in December 2003. It should be safe to assume
that the system calls are always available on the Linux kernels
that MariaDB Server 10.3 would run on.

There should be no point to disable branch prediction hints or prefetch.

Let us use the normal platform-specific preprocessor symbols
__linux__, __sun__, _AIX instead of some homebrew ones.

The preprocessor symbol UNIV_HPUX must have lost its meaning
by f6deb00a (note: the symbol
UNIV_HPUX10 is being checked for, but only UNIV_HPUX is defined).

Thanks to Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani for spotting this.

Force using english for error messages (i.e ASCII) to avoid encoding
mixup.

check_audit_mask(mysql_global_audit_mask, event_class_mask) is tested in
mysql_audit_general_log() and then assert in mysql_audit_acquire_plugins()
verifies that the condition still holds.
But this code path is not protected by LOCK_audit_mask, so
mysql_global_audit_mask can change its value between the if() and the
assert. That is, the assert is invalid and will fire if the
audit plugin is unloaded concurrently with mysql_audit_general_log().

Nothing bad will happen in this case though, we'll just do a useless
loop over all remaining installed audit plugins.

That is, the fix is simply to remove the assert.

- Commit c8948b0d introduced `get_one_variable()` - updating missing argument.
- Remove caller setting of empty string in `rpl_filter`, since underlying functions will do the same
  (commit 9584cbe7 introduced).

Reviewed by: <brandon.nesterenko@mariadb.com>

The issue manifests due to a bug in mysql_routine_grant. This was a side
effect of e46eea86 which fixed the problem of not giving appropriate error
message (ER_NONEXISTING_PROC_GRANT) when a routine grant existed due to role
inheritance.

When granting a routine privilege, it is possible to have a GRANT_NAME
entry already created from an inherited role, but with it's init_privs
set to 0.

In this case we must not create a *new* grant entry, but we must edit
this grant entry to set its init_privs.

Note that this case was already covered by MDEV-29458, however due to a
forgotten "flush privileges;" the actual code path never got hit.
Remove the flush privilege command as it was never intended to be there
in the first place.

There was an issue in updating in-memory role datastructures when
propagating role grants.

The issue is that changing a particular role's privilege (on any
privilege level, global, database, etc.)
was done such that it overwrote the entire set of bits for that
particular level of privileges.

For example:
grant select on *.* to r1 -> sets the access bits to r1 to select,
regardless of what bits were present for role r1 (inherited from any
other roles).

Before this fix, the rights of role r1 were propagated to any roles r1
was granted to, however the propagated rights did *not* include the
complete rights r1 inherited from its own grants.

For example:
  grant r2 to r1;
  grant select on *.* to r2;
  grant insert on *.* to r1; # This command completely disregards the
                             # select privilege from r2.

In order to correct this, ensure that before rights are propagated
onwards, that the current's role rights have been updated from its
grants.

Additionally, the patch exposed a flaw in the DROP ROLE code.
When deleting a role we removed all its previous grants, but what
remained was the actual links of roles granted to the dropped role.
Having these links present when propagating grants meant that we would
have leftover ACL_xxx entries.

Ensure that the links are removed before propagating grants.

There was a bug in the ACL internal data structures GRANT_TABLE and
GRANT_COLUMN. The semantics are: GRANT_TABLE::init_cols and
GRANT_COLUMN::init_privs represent the bits that correspond to the
privilege bits stored in the physical tables. The other struct members
GRANT_TABLE::cols and GRANT_COLUMN::privs represent the actual access
bits, as they may be modified through role grants.

The error in logic was mixing the two fields and thus we ended up
storing the logical access bits in the physical tables, instead of the
physical (init_xxx) bits.

This caused subsequent DBUG_ASSERT failures when dropping the involved
roles.

- innodb_sys_tablespaces view in information schema displays temporary
tablespace information too.

btr_lift_page_up(): If the leaf page only contains a hidden metadata
record for MDEV-11369 instant ADD COLUMN, convert the table to the
canonical format like we are supposed to do whenever the table
becomes empty.

Recording test results according to MDEV-29446 changes:

storage/rocksdb/mysql-test/rocksdb/r/use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction.result

use correct python on rocky8 and alma8

row_merge_read_clustered_index(): Do not call mem_heap_empty(row_heap)
before row_merge_spatial_rows() has been able to read the data.

lock_place_prdt_page_lock(): Do not place locks on temporary tables.
Temporary tables can only be accessed from one connection, so
it does not make any sense to acquire any transactional locks on them.