Bug#44653: Server crash noticed when executing random queries with partitions.

When opening a table, it is imperative that the flag
TABLE::auto_increment_field_not_null be false. But if an error occured during
the creation of a table (e.g. the table exists already) with an auto_increment
column and a BEFORE trigger that used the INSERT ... SELECT construct, the
flag was not reset until after error checking. Thus if an error occured,
select_insert::send_data() returned immediately and it was not reset (see * in
pseudocode below).  Crash happened if the table was opened again. Fixed by
resetting the flag after error checking.

nested-loops_join():
  for each row in SELECT table {
    select_insert::send_data():
      if a values is supplied for AUTO_INCREMENT column
         table->auto_increment_field_not_null= TRUE
       else
         table->auto_increment_field_not_null= FALSE
       if (error)
         return 1; *
       if (table->auto_increment_field_not_null == FALSE)
         ...
       table->auto_increment_field_not_null == FALSE 
  }
<-- table returned to table cache and later retrieved by open_table: 
open_table():
  assert(table->auto_increment_field_not_null)

Backport to MySQL 5.0/1 fix by Vladislav Vaintroub:

In Vista and later and also in when using terminal services, when
server is started from  command line, client cannot connect to it
via shared memory protocol.

This is a regression introduced when  Bug#24731 was fixed.  The
reason is that client is trying to attach to shared memory using
global kernel object  namespace (all kernel objects are prefixed
with Global\). However, server started from the command line in
Vista and later will create shared memory and events using current
session namespace. Thus, client is unable to find the server and
connection fails.

The fix for the client is to first try to find server using "local"
names  (omitting Global\  prefix) and only if server is not found,
trying global namespace.

This test uses SHOW STATUS and the like, which may be unstable in the face
of logging to table, since the CSV handler is actively executing operations
and thus incrementing the counters.

Fixed by disabling logging to table for the duration of the test and restoring
it afterwards. This causes various counters to properly start counting from zero
and never advance due to CSV operations.

Needed for substitution in some tests.

with gcc 4.3.2
      
Compiling MySQL with gcc 4.3.2 and later produces a number of 
warnings, many of which are new with the recent compiler
versions.
      
This bug will be resolved in more than one patch to limit the
size of changesets. This is the first patch, fixing a number 
of the warnings, predominantly "suggest using parentheses 
around && in ||", and empty for and while bodies.

This variable is defined by default and one should not do it
directly as the socket variable is not available on Windows.

the --big-test flag is supplied. Test is too resource intensive
under normal valgrind runs (takes more than 30min on powerful
hardware).

with gcc 4.3.2

Compiling MySQL with gcc 4.3.2 and later produces a number of 
warnings, many of which are new with the recent compiler
versions.

This bug will be resolved in more than one patch to limit the
size of changesets. This is the first patch, fixing a number 
of the warnings, predominantly "suggest using parentheses 
around && in ||", and empty for and while bodies.

Under a debug run, the trace file grows to a few gigabytes.
Under valgrind, takes more then 20 minutes due to the high
number of insert statements.

variable. The problem was that THD::connect_utime could be
used without being initialized when the main thread is used
to handle connections (--thread-handling=no-threads).

Under a debug run, the trace file grows to a few gigabytes.
Under valgrind, takes more then 20 minutes due to the high
number of insert statements.

            uninitialized variable used as subscript

Grouping select from a "constant" InnoDB table (a table
of a single row) joined with other tables caused a crash.

use same (slightly unwieldy) name in all trees; fix before this version goes "public".
bless ctype to avoid upmerge conflict, le sigh.

The problem is that when a optimization of read-only transactions
(bypass 2-phase commit) was implemented, it removed the code that
reseted the XID once a transaction wasn't active anymore:

sql/sql_parse.cc:

-  bzero(&thd->transaction.stmt, sizeof(thd->transaction.stmt));
-  if (!thd->active_transaction())
-    thd->transaction.xid_state.xid.null();
+  thd->transaction.stmt.reset();

This mostly worked fine as the transaction commit and rollback
functions (in handler.cc) reset the XID once the transaction is
ended. But those functions wouldn't reset the XID in case of
a empty transaction, leading to a assertion when a new starting
a new XA transaction.

The solution is to ensure that the XID state is reset when empty
transactions are ended (by either commit or rollback). This is
achieved by reorganizing the code so that the transaction cleanup
routine is invoked whenever a transaction is ended.

a binary distribution of the server as the MTR valgrind option
relies on it to silence unmeaningful warnings.

Implemented a way to circumvent the always true comparison by
having nested macros (as suggested on review).

Merged the 5.0 fix to 5.1 and fixed the 5.1 specific warnings.

Fixed the 5.0-bugteam MacOSX warnings.