This is allowed:

  STRING_WITH_LEN("string literal")

This is not:

  char *str = "pointer to string";
  ... STRING_WITH_LEN(str) ..

In C++ this is also allowed:

  const char str[] = "string literal";
  ... STRING_WITH_LEN(str) ...

Test fails sporadically and very rarely on this:
```
let $org_queries= `SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Queries'`;
SELECT f1();
CALL p1();
let $new_queries= `SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Queries'`;
let $diff= `SELECT SUBSTRING('$new_queries',9)-SUBSTRING('$org_queries',9)`;
```
if COM_QUIT from one of the earlier (in the test) disconnect's
happens between the two SHOW STATUS commands.
Because COM_QUIT increments "Queries".

The directly previous test uses wait_condition to wait for
its disconnects to complete. But there are more disconnects earlier
in the test file and nothing waits for them.

Let's change wait_condition to wait for *all* disconnect to complete.

MariaDB server prints the stack information if a crash happens.

It traverses the stack frames in function `print_with_addr_resolve`.
For *EACH* frame, it tries to parse the file name and line number of the
frame using `addr2line`, or prints `backtrace_symbols_fd` if `addr2line`
fails.

1. Logic in `addr_resolve` function uses addr2line to get the file name
   and line numbers. It has a timeout of 500ms to wait for the response
   from addr2line. However, that's not enough on small instances
   especially if the debug information is in a separate file or
   compressed.

   Increase the timeout to 5 seconds to support some edge cases, as
   experiments showed addr2line may take 2-3 seconds on some frames.

2. While parsing a frame inside of a shared library using `addr2line`,
   the file name and line numbers could be `??`, empty or `0` if the
   debug info is not loaded.
   It's easy to reproduce when glibc-debuginfo is not installed.

   Instead of printing a meaningless frame like:

       :0(__GI___poll)[0x1505e9197639]
       ...
       ??:0(__libc_start_main)[0x7ffff6c8913a]

   We want to print the frame information using `backtrace_symbols_fd`,
   with the shared library name and a hexadecimal offset.
   Stacktrace example on a real instance with this commit:

       /lib64/libc.so.6(__poll+0x49)[0x145cbf71a639]
       ...
       /lib64/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xea)[0x7f4d0034d13a]

   `addr_resolve` has considered the case of meaningless combination of
   file name and line number returned by `addr2line`. e.g. `??:?`
   However, conditions like `:0` and `??:0` are not handled. So now the
   function will rollback to `backtrace_symbols_fd` in above cases.

All new code of the whole pull request, including one or several files
that are either new files or modified ones, are contributed under the
BSD-new license. I am contributing on behalf of my employer Amazon Web
Services, Inc.

MDEV-25045 : Assertion `client_state_.mode() != wsrep::client_state::m_toi' failed in int wsrep::transaction::before_commit()

CREATE [TEMPORARY] SEQUENCE is internally CREATE+INSERT (initial value)
and it is replicated using statement based replication. In Galera
we use either TOI or RSU so we should skip commit time hooks
for it.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

With binlogs enabled, debug assertion ut_ad(xid_seqno > wsrep_seqno)
fired in trx_rseg_update_wsrep_checkpoint() when an applier thread
synced the seqno out of order for write set which had failed
certification. This was caused by releasing commit
order too early when binlogs were on, allowing group
commit to run in parallel and commit following transactions
too early.

Fixed by extending the commit order critical section to cover
call to wsrep_set_SE_checkpoint() also when binlogs are on.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

When using LEFT() function with a string that is without a charset,
the function crashes. This is because the function assumes that
the string has a charset, and tries to use it to calculate the
length of the string.

Two functions, UNHEX and WEIGHT_STRING, returned a string without
the charset being set to a not null value.

The fix is to set charset when calling val_str on these two functions.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Barkov <bar@mariadb.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Black <daniel@mariadb.org>

MDEV-30453 Setting innodb_buffer_pool_filename to an empty string attempts to delete the data directory on shutdown

Let us make innodb_buffer_pool_filename a read-only variable
so that a malicious user cannot cause an important file to be
deleted on InnoDB shutdown. An attempt to delete a directory
will fail because it is not a regular file, but what if the
variable pointed to (say) ibdata1, ib_logfile0 or some *.ibd file?

It does not seem to make much sense for this parameter to be
configurable in the first place, but we will not change that in order
to avoid breaking compatibility.

Problem:

UNIX_TIMESTAMP() called for a expression of the TIME data type
returned NULL.

Inside Type_handler_timestamp_common::Item_val_native_with_conversion
the call for item->get_date() did not convert TIME to DATETIME
automatically (because it does not have to, by design).
As a result, Type_handler_timestamp_common::TIME_to_native() received
a MYSQL_TIME value with zero date 0000-00-00 and therefore returned "true"
(indicating SQL NULL value).

Fix:

Removing the call for item->get_date().
Instantiating Datetime(item) instead.
This forces automatic TIME to DATETIME conversion
(unless @@old_mode is zero_date_time_cast).

rather than mariabackup internally, and change and messages accordingly.

fil_space_t::~fil_space_t(): Invoke ut_free(name) because
doing so in the callers would trip MSAN_OPTIONS=poison_in_dtor=1

handle_slave_io(), handle_slave_sql(), os_thread_exit():
Remove a redundant pthread_exit(nullptr) call, because it
would cause SIGSEGV.

mysql_print_status(): Add MEM_MAKE_DEFINED() to work around
some missing instrumentation around mallinfo2().

que_graph_free_stat_list(): Invoke que_node_get_next(node) before
que_graph_free_recursive(node). That is the logical and
MSAN_OPTIONS=poison_in_dtor=1 compatible way of freeing memory.

ins_node_t::~ins_node_t(): Invoke mem_heap_free(entry_sys_heap).

que_graph_free_recursive(): Rely on ins_node_t::~ins_node_t().

fts_t::~fts_t(): Invoke mem_heap_free(fts_heap).

fts_free(): Replace with direct calls to fts_t::~fts_t().

The failures in free_root() due to MSAN_OPTIONS=poison_in_dtor=1
will be covered in MDEV-30942.

MDEV-29050 mariabackup issues error messages during InnoDB tablespaces export on partial backup preparing

The solution is to suppress error messages for missing tablespaces if
mariabackup is launched with "--prepare --export" options.

"mariabackup --prepare --export" invokes itself with --mysqld parameter.
If the parameter is set, then it starts server to feed "FLUSH TABLES ...
FOR EXPORT;" queries for exported tablespaces. This is "normal" server
start, that's why new srv_operation value is introduced.

Reviewed by Marko Makela.

MDEV-24453 Added support for a 5th --verbose parameter in mariadb-upgrade to show mysql results for mysql_fix_privilege_tables

EXPLAIN EXTENDED for an UPDATE/DELETE/INSERT/REPLACE statement did not
produce the warning containing the text representation of the query
obtained after the optimization phase. Such warning was produced for
SELECT statements, but not for DML statements.
The patch fixes this defect of EXPLAIN EXTENDED for DML statements.

This was failing to compile with AppleClang 14.0.0.14000029.

Thanks to Arunesh Choudhary for noticing.

Moved rpl_parallel_*.inc to rpl_parallel_*.test

All the .inc files that included from binlog_encryption are refactored.

Moved rpl_parallel.inc to rpl_parallel.test

- Description:
  - Before 10.3.8 semisync was a plugin that is built into the server with
    MDEV-13073,starting with commit cbc71485.
    There are still some usage of `rpl_semi_sync_master` in mtr.
Note:
  - To recognize the replica in the `dump_thread`, replica is creating
    local variable `rpl_semi_sync_slave` (the keyword of plugin) in
    function `request_transmit`, that is catched by primary in
    `is_semi_sync_slave()`. This is the user variable and as such not
    related to the obsolete plugin.

 - Found in `sys_vars.all_vars` and `rpl_semi_sync_wait_point` tests,
   usage of plugins `rpl_semi_sync_master`, `rpl_semi_sync_slave`.
   The former test is disabled by default (`sys_vars/disabled.def`)
   and marked as `obsolete`, however this patch will remove the queries.

- Add cosmetic fixes to semisync codebase

Reviewer: <brandon.nesterenko@mariadb.com>
Closes PR #2528, PR #2380

btr_cur_upd_rec_in_place(): Avoid calling page_zip_write_rec() if we
are not modifying any fields that are stored in compressed format.

btr_cur_update_in_place_zip_check(): New function to check if a
ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED record can actually be updated in place.

btr_cur_pessimistic_update(): If the BTR_KEEP_POS_FLAG is not set
(we are in a ROLLBACK and cannot write any BLOBs), ignore the potential
overflow and let page_zip_reorganize() or page_zip_compress() handle it.
This avoids a failure when an attempted UPDATE of an NULL column to 0 is
rolled back. During the ROLLBACK, we would try to move a non-updated
long column to off-page storage in order to avoid a compression failure
of the ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED page.

page_zip_write_trx_id_and_roll_ptr(): Remove an assertion that would fail
in row_upd_rec_in_place() because the uncompressed page would already
have been modified there.

This is a 10.5 version of commit ff3d4395
(different because of commit 08ba3887).

row_upd_rec_in_place(): Avoid calling page_zip_write_rec() if we
are not modifying any fields that are stored in compressed format.

btr_cur_update_in_place_zip_check(): New function to check if a
ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED record can actually be updated in place.

btr_cur_pessimistic_update(): If the BTR_KEEP_POS_FLAG is not set
(we are in a ROLLBACK and cannot write any BLOBs), ignore the potential
overflow and let page_zip_reorganize() or page_zip_compress() handle it.
This avoids a failure when an attempted UPDATE of an NULL column to 0 is
rolled back. During the ROLLBACK, we would try to move a non-updated
long column to off-page storage in order to avoid a compression failure
of the ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED page.

page_zip_write_trx_id_and_roll_ptr(): Remove an assertion that would fail
in row_upd_rec_in_place() because the uncompressed page would already
have been modified there.

Thanks to Jean-François Gagné for providing a copy of a page that
triggered these bugs on the ROLLBACK of UPDATE and DELETE.

A 10.6 version of this was tested by Matthias Leich using
cmake -DWITH_INNODB_EXTRA_DEBUG=ON a.k.a. UNIV_ZIP_DEBUG.

mtr uses group suffix, but some existing inc and test files use
server_id for expect files. This patch aims to fix that.

For spider:

With this change we will not have to maintain a separate version of
restart_mysqld.inc for spider, that duplicates code, just because
spider tests use different names for expect files, and shutdown_mysqld
requires magical names for them.

With this change spider tests will also be able to use other features
provided by restart_mysqld.inc without code duplication, like the
parameter $restart_parameters (see e.g. the testcase mdev_29904.test
in commit ef1161e5d4f).

Tests run after this change: default, spider, rocksdb, galera, using
the following command

mtr --parallel=auto --force --max-test-fail=0 --skip-core-file
mtr --suite spider,spider/*,spider/*/* \
    --skip-test="spider/oracle.*|.*/t\..*" --parallel=auto --big-test \
    --force --max-test-fail=0 --skip-core-file
mtr --suite galera --parallel=auto
mtr --suite rocksdb --parallel=auto

Commit a923d6f4 disabled numeric setting
of character_set_* variables with non-default values:

  MariaDB [(none)]> set character_set_client=224;
  ERROR 1115 (42000): Unknown character set: '224'

However the corresponding binlog functionality still write numeric
values for log event, and this will break binlog replay if the value is
not default. Now make the server use 'String' type for
'character_set_client' when generating binlog events

Before:

  /*!\C utf8mb4 *//*!*/;
  SET @@session.character_set_client=224,@@session.collation_connection=224,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;

After:

  /*!\C utf8mb4 *//*!*/;
  SET @@session.character_set_client=utf8mb4,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=8/*!*/;

Note: prior to the previous commit, setting with '224' or '45' or
'utf8mb4' have the same effect, as they all set the parameter to
'utf8mb4'.

All new code of the whole pull request, including one or several files
that are either new files or modified ones, are contributed under the
BSD-new license. I am contributing on behalf of my employer Amazon Web
Services, Inc.

buf_LRU_block_remove_hashed(): Ever since
commit 2e814d47
we could get page_zip_validate() failures after an ALTER TABLE
operation was aborted and BtrBulk::pageCommit() had never been
executed on some blocks.

fil_iterate(): Allocation bitmap pages are never encrypted.

Reviewed by: Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani

MDEV-28187 mariadb-backup doesn't utilise innodb-undo-log-directory (if specified as a relative path) during copy-back operation

Make absolute destination path from relative one, basing on mysql data
directory.

Reviewed by Alexander Barkov.

The hang could be seen as show slave status displaying an error like
    Last_Error: Could not execute Write_rows_v1
along with
    Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

accompanied with one of the replication threads in show-processlist
characteristically having status like

   2394 | system user  |    | NULL | Slave_worker | 50852| closing tables

It turns out that closing tables worker got entrapped in endless looping
in mark_start_commit_inner() across already garbage-collected gco items.

The reclaimed gco links are explained with actually possible
out-of-order groups of events termination due to the Last_Error.
This patch reinforces the correct ordering to perform
finish_event_group's cleanup actions, incl unlinking gco:s
from the active list.

MDEV-30860 Race condition between buffer pool flush and log file deletion in mariadb-backup --prepare

srv_start(): If we are going to close the log file in
mariadb-backup --prepare, call buf_flush_sync() before
calling recv_sys.debug_free() to ensure that the log file
will not be accessed.

This fixes a rather rare failure in the test
mariabackup.innodb_force_recovery where buf_flush_page_cleaner()
would invoke log_checkpoint_low() because !recv_recovery_is_on()
would hold due to the fact that recv_sys.debug_free() had
already been called. Then, the log write for the checkpoint
would fail because srv_start() had invoked log_sys.log.close_file().

		redundant table rebuild

- InnoDB alter fails to apply the online log during redundant table
rebuild. Problem is that InnoDB wrongly reads the length flags of the
record while applying the temporary log record.

rec_init_offsets_comp_ordinary(): For finding the n_core_null_bytes,
InnoDB should use the same logic as rec_convert_dtuple_to_rec_comp().

Included config file for proper compilation without <my_global.h>

convert empty host.db to "%", just as it's done for host.hostname
(in update_hostname())

fil_node_open_file_low() tries to close files from the top of
fil_system.space_list if the number of opened files is exceeded.

It invokes fil_space_t::try_to_close(), which iterates the list searching
for the first opened space. Then it just closes the space, leaving it in
the same position in fil_system.space_list.

On heavy files opening, like during 'SHOW TABLE STATUS ...' execution,
if the number of opened files limit is reached,
fil_space_t::try_to_close() iterates more and more closed spaces before
reaching any opened space for each fil_node_open_file_low() call. What
causes performance regression if the number of spaces is big enough.

The fix is to keep opened spaces at the top of fil_system.space_list,
and move closed files at the end of the list.

For this purpose fil_space_t::space_list_last_opened pointer is
introduced. It points to the last inserted opened space in
fil_space_t::space_list. When space is opened, it's inserted to the
position just after the pointer points to in fil_space_t::space_list to
preserve the logic, inroduced in MDEV-23855. Any closed space is added
to the end of fil_space_t::space_list.

As opened spaces are located at the top of fil_space_t::space_list,
fil_space_t::try_to_close() finds opened space faster.

There can be the case when opened and closed spaces are mixed in
fil_space_t::space_list if fil_system.freeze_space_list was set during
fil_node_open_file_low() execution. But this should not cause any error,
as fil_space_t::try_to_close() still iterates spaces in the list.

There is no need in any test case for the fix, as it does not change any
functionality, but just fixes performance regression.

While downgrades are not supported and misguided attempts at it could
cause serious corruption especially after
commit b07920b6
it might be useful if InnoDB would start up even after an upgrade to
MariaDB Server 11.0 or later had removed the change buffer.

innodb_change_buffering_update(): Disallow anything else than
innodb_change_buffering=none when the change buffer is corrupted.

ibuf_init_at_db_start(): Mention a possible downgrade in the corruption
error message. If innodb_change_buffering=none, ignore the error but do
not initialize ibuf.index.

ibuf_free_excess_pages(), ibuf_contract(), ibuf_merge_space(),
ibuf_update_max_tablespace_id(), ibuf_delete_for_discarded_space(),
ibuf_print(): Check for !ibuf.index.

ibuf_check_bitmap_on_import(): Remove some unnecessary code.
This function is only accessing change buffer bitmap pages in a
data file that is not attached to the rest of the database.
It is not accessing the change buffer tree itself, hence it does
not need any additional mutex protection.

This has been tested both by starting up MariaDB Server 10.8 on
a 11.0 data directory, and by running ./mtr --big-test while
ibuf_init_at_db_start() was tweaked to always fail.