Fix partitioning and DS-MRR to work together

- In ha_partition::index_end(): take into account that ha_innobase (and
  other engines using DS-MRR) will have inited=RND when initialized for
  DS-MRR scan.
- In ha_partition::multi_range_read_next(): if the MRR scan is using
  HA_MRR_NO_ASSOCIATION mode, it is not guaranteed that the partition's
  handler will store anything into *range_info.
- In DsMrr_impl::choose_mrr_impl(): ha_partition will inquire partitions
  about how much memory their MRR implementation needs by passing
  *buffer_size=0. DS-MRR code didn't know about this (actually it used
  uint for buffer size calculation and would have an under-flow).
  Returning *buffer_size=0 made ha_partition assume that partitions do
  not need MRR memory and pass the same buffer to each of them.

  Now, this is fixed. If DS-MRR gets *buffer_size=0, it will return
  the amount of buffer space needed, but not more than about
  @@mrr_buffer_size.

* Fix ha_{innobase,maria,myisam}::clone. If ha_partition uses MRR on its
  partitions, and partition use DS-MRR, the code will call handler->clone
  with TABLE (*NOT partition*) name as an argument.
  DS-MRR has no way of knowing the partition name, so the solution was
  to have the ::clone() function for the affected storage engine to ignore
  the name argument and get it elsewhere.

Apart from page latches (buf_block_t::lock), mini-transactions
are keeping track of at most one dict_index_t::lock and
fil_space_t::latch at a time, and in a rare case, purge_sys.latch.

Let us introduce interfaces for acquiring an index latch
or a tablespace latch.

In a later version, we may want to introduce mtr_t members
for holding a latched dict_index_t* and fil_space_t*,
and replace the remaining use of mtr_t::m_memo
with std::set<buf_block_t*> or with a map<buf_block_t*,byte*>
pointing to log records.

In the test innodb.instant_alter,4k we would be flagging an error
for too large row size. That error was previously only being reported
if the table was being rebuilt. Thus, this merge is fixing a small
omission in MDEV-11369 (instant ADD COLUMN).

Fix incorrect change introduced in the fix for MDEV-20109.

The patch tried to compute a more precise estimate for the record_count
value in SJ-Materialization-Scan strategy (in
Sj_materialization_picker::check_qep).  However the new formula is worse
as it produces extremely optimistic results in common cases where
SJ-Materialization-Scan should be used)

The old formula produces pessimistic results in cases when Sj-Materialization-
Scan is unlikely to be a good choice anyway. So, the old behavior is better.

Move row size check to early CREATE/ALTER TABLE phase. Stop checking
on table open.

dict_index_add_to_cache(): remove parameter 'strict', stop checking row size

dict_index_t::record_size_info_t: this is a result of row size check operation

create_table_info_t::row_size_is_acceptable(): performs row size check.
Issues error or warning. Writes first overflow field to InnoDB log.

create_table_info_t::create_table(): add row size check

dict_index_t::record_size_info(): this is a refactored version
of dict_index_t::rec_potentially_too_big(). New version doesn't change global
state of a program but return all interesting info. And it's callers who
decide how to handle row size overflow.

dict_index_t::rec_potentially_too_big(): removed

memo_block_unfix(), memo_latch_release(): Merge to ReleaseLatches.

memo_slot_release(), ReleaseAll: Clean up the formatting.

A search with PAGE_CUR_GE may land on the supremum record on
a leaf page that is not the rightmost leaf page.
This could occur when all keys on the current page are
smaller than the search key, and the smallest key on the
successor page is larger than the search key.

ibuf_delete_recs(): Correct the debug assertion accordingly.

Closes #1407

mtr_t::Impl, mtr_t::Command: Merge to mtr_t.

MTR_MAGIC_N: Remove.

MTR_STATE_COMMITTING: Remove. This state was only being set
internally during mtr_t::commit().

mtr_t::Command::m_locks_released: Remove (set-and-never-read member).

mtr_t::Command::m_start_lsn: Replaced with the return value of
finish_write() and a parameter to release_blocks().

mtr_t::Command::m_end_lsn: Removed as a duplicate of mtr_t::m_commit_lsn.

mtr_t::Command::prepare_write(): Replace a switch () with a
comparison against 0. Only 2 m_log_mode are allowed.

Avoid creating std::vector, and use single instead of double traversal.

Problem:
========
CURRENT_TEST: binlog_encryption.rpl_corruption

mysqltest: In included file "./include/wait_for_slave_io_error.inc":
...
At line 72: Slave stopped with wrong error code
**** Slave stopped with wrong error code: 1743 (expected 1595,1913) ****

Analysis:
========
The test emulates the corruption at the various stages of replication for
example in binlog file, in network and in relay log etc. It verifies that all
corruption cases are handled through appropriate error messages.

The test cases which emulate network failure expect following errors.
--ER_SLAVE_RELAY_LOG_WRITE_FAILURE (1595)
--ER_NETWORK_READ_EVENT_CHECKSUM_FAILURE (1743)

Ideally test should expect error codes as 1595 and 1743.
But the test actually waits on incorrect error code 1595,1913

Fix:
===
Added appropriate error code for 'ER_NETWORK_READ_EVENT_CHECKSUM_FAILURE'.
Replaced 1913 with 1743.

The XDES_CLEAN_BIT is always set for every element of
the page allocation bitmap in the extent descriptor pages.
Do not bother touching it, to avoid redundant writes.

The DICT_HDR_MAX_SPACE_ID was already zero-initialized at page allocation.

page_rec_write_field(): Remove.

dict_create_index_tree_step(): If the SYS_INDEXES.PAGE does not change,
do not update it in the data dictionary. Typically, all index page numbers
would be unchanged before and after IMPORT TABLESPACE, except if some
secondary indexes were created after loading some data.

btr_root_fseg_adjust_on_import(): Remove the redundant mtr_t* parameter.
Redo logging is disabled during the page adjustments that IMPORT TABLESPACE
is performing.

The root page must never have any siblings, so it is unnecessary
to clear those fields.

fsp_alloc_seg_inode_page(): Ever since
commit 3926673c
all newly allocated pages are zero-initialized.
Assert that this is the case for the FSEG_ID fields.

btr_store_big_rec_extern_fields(): Remove the redundant initialization
of the most significant 32 bits of BTR_EXTERN_LEN. InnoDB never supported
BLOBs that are longer than 4GiB. In fact, dtuple_convert_big_rec()
would write emit an error message if a clustered index record tuple would
exceed 1,000,000,000 bytes in length.

The BTR_EXTERN_LEN in the BLOB pointers in clustered index leaf page
records is zero-initialized at least since
commit 41bb3537

Remove the unnecessary retrieval and null-modifications of
the preceding page.

Remove the redundant parameter mtr_t*.

Make use of page_has_prev(), page_has_next() whenever possible.

Remove the unnecessary retrieval and null-modifications of
the preceding page.

MDEV-19376 Repl_semi_sync_master::commit_trx assertion failure: ... || !m_active_tranxs->is_tranx_end_pos(trx_wait_binlog_name, trx_wait_binlog_pos)

The assert indicates that the current transaction got caught uncleaned from
the semisync master's cache when it is signaled to proceed upon its
ack receive.

The reason of missed cleanup turns out to be a flaw in the gtid
connect mode.
A submitted by connecting slave value of its last received event's
binlog file *name* was adopted into
{{Repl_semi_sync_master::m_reply_file_name}} as a part of semisync
initialization.

Notice that the initialization still refines the position part of the
submitted last received event's binlog coordinates.
The master side binlog filename:pos refinement is
specific to the gtid connect mode for purpose of computing the latest
binlog file to resume slave feeding from.
Effectively in the gtid connect mode the computed resumption filename:pos
may appear smaller in which case a new post-connect time committing
transaction may be logged with its filename:pos also less than the
submitted coordinates and that triggers the assert.

Fixed with making the semisync initialization to use the refined filename:pos.
It is guaranteed to be less than any new generated transaction's binlog:pos.

Make sure failure to find mariabackup binary does not terminate
the script silently, terminate with a clear error message instead

The issue here is the wrong estimate of the cardinality of a partial join,
the cardinality is too high because the function table_cond_selectivity()
returns an absurd number 100 while selectivity cannot be greater than 1.

When accessing table t by outer reference t1.a via index we do not perform any
range analysis for t. Yet we see TABLE::quick_key_parts[key] and
TABLE->quick_rows[key] contain a non-zero value though these should have been
remained untouched and equal to 0.

Thus real cause of the problem is that TABLE::init does not clean the arrays
TABLE::quick_key_parts[] and TABLE::>quick_rows[].
It should have done it because the TABLE structure created for any
instance of a table can be reused for many queries.

Due to MDEV-12288, the slow shutdown in MariaDB 10.3 will include
resetting the DB_TRX_ID for all inserted records. This might
cause the 60-second shutdown_server timeout to be exceeded.
Let us wait for the purge to complete before initiating slow shutdown.

dict_index_add_to_cache(): Make the 'index' a reference to a pointer,
so that the caller will avoid the expensive call to
dict_index_get_if_in_cache_low().

Due to a data corruption bug that may have occurred a long time earlier
(possibly involving physical backup and MySQL Bug #69122, which was
addressed in commit f166ec71)
it seems possible that the InnoDB change buffer might end up containing
entries, while no buffered changes exist according to the change buffer
bitmap pages in the .ibd files.

ibuf_delete_recs(): New function, to be invoked on slow shutdown only.
Remove all buffered changes for a specific page.

ibuf_merge_or_delete_for_page(): If the change buffer bitmap is clean
and a slow shutdown is in progress, invoke ibuf_delete_recs().
We do not want to do that during normal operation, due to the additional
overhead that is involved. The bitmap page should be consistent with
the change buffer in the first place.