Various places in the server replication code was incorrectly quoting
strings, which could lead to incorrect SQL on the slave/mysqlbinlog.

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Problem:
=======
The return value from my_b_write is ignored by: `my_b_write_quoted',
`my_b_write_bit',`Query_log_event::print_query_header'

Most callers of `my_b_printf' ignore the return value. `log_event.cc' 
has many calls to it. 

Analysis:
========
`my_b_write' is used to write data into a file. If the write fails it
sets appropriate error number and error message through my_error()
function call and sets the IO_CACHE::error == -1.
`my_b_printf' function is also used to write data into a file, it
internally invokes my_b_write to do the write operation. Upon
success it returns number of characters written to file and on error
it returns -1 and sets the error through my_error() and also sets
IO_CACHE::error == -1.  Most of the event specific print functions
for example `Create_file_log_event::print', `Execute_load_log_event::print'
etc are the ones which make several calls to the above two functions and
they do not check for the return value after the 'print' call. All the above 
mentioned abuse cases deal with the client side.

Fix:
===
As part of bug fix a check for IO_CACHE::error == -1 has been added at 
a very high level after the call to the 'print' function.  There are 
few more places where the return value of "my_b_write" is ignored
those are mentioned below.

+++ mysys/mf_iocache2.c    2012-06-04 07:03:15 +0000
@@ -430,7 +430,8 @@
           memset(buffz, '0', minimum_width - length2);
         else
           memset(buffz, ' ', minimum_width - length2);
-        my_b_write(info, buffz, minimum_width - length2);

+++ sql/log.cc	2012-06-08 09:04:46 +0000
@@ -2388,7 +2388,12 @@
     {
       end= strxmov(buff, "# administrator command: ", NullS);
       buff_len= (ulong) (end - buff);
-      my_b_write(&log_file, (uchar*) buff, buff_len);

At these places appropriate return value handlers have been added.

client/mysqlbinlog.cc:
  check for IO_CACHE::error == -1 has been added after the call to
  the event specific print functions
mysys/mf_iocache2.c:
  Added handler to check the written value of `my_b_write'
sql/log.cc:
  Added handler to check the written value of `my_b_write'
sql/log_event.cc:
  Added error simulation statements in `Create_file_log_event::print`
  and `Execute_load_query_log_event::print'
sql/rpl_utility.h:
  Removed the extra ';'

Fixes for BUG11761686 left a flaw that managed to slip away from testing.
Only effective filtering branch was actually tested with a regression test
added to rpl_filter_tables_not_exist.
The reason of the failure is destuction of too early mem-root-allocated memory 
at the end of the deferred User-var's do_apply_event().

Fixed with bypassing free_root() in the deferred execution branch.
Deallocation of created in do_apply_event() items is done by the base code
through THD::cleanup_after_query() -> free_items() that the parent Query
can't miss.



sql/log_event.cc:
  Do not call free_root() in case the deferred User-var event.
  Necessary methods to the User-var class are added, do_apply_event() refined.
sql/log_event.h:
  Necessary methods to avoid destoying mem-root-based memory at
  User-var applying are defined.

HANDLE_FATAL_SIGNAL IN STRNLEN

Fixed the following bounds checking problems :
1. in check_if_legal_filename() make sure the null terminated
string is long enough before accessing the bytes in it.
Prevents pottential read-past-buffer-end
2. in my_wc_mb_filename() of the filename charset check
for the end of the destination buffer before sending single
byte characters into it.
Prevents write-past-end-of-buffer (and garbaling stack in
the cases reported here) errors.

Added test cases.

This is a followup patch for the bug enabling the test
i_binlog.binlog_mysqlbinlog_file_write.test
this was disabled in mysql trunk and mysql 5.5 as in the release
build mysqlbinlog was not debug compiled whereas the mysqld was.
Since have_debug.inc script checks only for mysqld to be debug
compiled, the test was not being skipped on release builds.

We resolve this problem by creating a new inc file 
mysqlbinlog_have_debug.inc which checks exclusively for mysqlbinlog
to be debug compiled. if not it skips the test.
 

mysql-test/include/mysqlbinlog_have_debug.inc:
  new inc file to check if mysqlbinlog is debug compiled.

Several fixes :

* sql-common/client.c
Added a validity check of the fields metadata packet sent 
by the server.
Now libmysql will check if the length of the data sent by
the server matches what's expected by the protocol before
using the data.

* client/mysqltest.cc
Fixed the error handling code in mysqltest to avoid sending
new commands when the reading the result set failed (and 
there are unread data in the pipe).

* sql_common.h + libmysql/libmysql.c + sql-common/client.c
unpack_fields() now generates a proper error when it fails.
Added a new argument to this function to support the error 
generation.

* sql/protocol.cc
Added a debug trigger to cause the server to send a NULL
insted of the packet expected by the client for testing 
purposes.

This patch fixes various compilation warnings of the type
"error: narrowing conversion of 'x' from 'datatype1' to
'datatype2'

Print the warning(note):

 YEAR(x) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use YEAR(4) instead

on "CREATE TABLE ... YEAR(x)" or "ALTER TABLE MODIFY ... YEAR(x)", where x != 4

a multiple definition of 'THD::clear_error()' in (at least)
libmysqld.a(lib_sql.o) and libmysqld.a(libfederated_a-ha_federated.o).

Patch provided by Ramil Kalimullin.

              INC_HOST_ERRORS() IS CALLED.

Description: Reverting patch 3755 for bug#11753779

Problem: Some queries with subqueries and a HAVING clause that
consists only of a column not in the select or grouping lists causes
the server to crash.

During parsing, an Item_ref is constructed for the HAVING column. The
name of the column is resolved when JOIN::prepare calls fix_fields()
on its having clause. Since the column is not mentioned in the select
or grouping lists, a ref pointer is not found and a new Item_field is
created instead. The Item_ref is replaced by the Item_field in the
tree of HAVING clauses. Since the tree consists only of this item, the
pointer that is updated is JOIN::having. However,
st_select_lex::having still points to the Item_ref as the root of the
tree of HAVING clauses.

The bug is triggered when doing filesort for create_sort_index(). When
find_all_keys() calls select->cond->walk() it eventually reaches
Item_subselect::walk() where it continues to walk the having clauses
from lex->having. This means that it finds the Item_ref instead of the
new Item_field, and Item_ref::walk() tries to dereference the ref
pointer, which is still null.

The crash is reproducible only in 5.5, but the problem lies latent in
5.1 and trunk as well.

Fix: After calling fix_fields on the having clause in JOIN::prepare(),
set select_lex::having to point to the same item as JOIN::having.

This patch also fixes a bug in 5.1 and 5.5 that is triggered if the
query is executed as a prepared statement. The Item_field is created
in the runtime arena when the query is prepared, and the pointer to
the item is saved by st_select_lex::fix_prepare_information() and
brought back as a dangling pointer when the query is executed, after
the runtime arena has been reclaimed.

Fix: Backport fix from trunk that switches to the permanent arena
before calling Item_ref::fix_fields() in JOIN::prepare().


sql/item.cc:
  Set context when creating Item_field.
sql/sql_select.cc:
  Switch to permanent arena and update select_lex->having.

              INC_HOST_ERRORS() IS CALLED.

Issue       : Sequence of calling inc_host_errors()
              and reset_host_errors() required some
              changes in order to maintain correct
              connection error count.

Solution    : Call to reset_host_errors() is shifted
              to a location after which no calls to
              inc_host_errors() are made.

Problem
========
            
Replication breaks in the cases if the event length exceeds 
the size of master Dump thread's max_allowed_packet.
              
The reason why this failure is occuring is because the event length is
more than the total size of the max_allowed_packet, on addition of the  
max_event_header length exceeds the max_allowed_packet of the DUMP thread.
This causes the Dump thread to break replication and throw an error.
                      
That can happen e.g with row-based replication in Update_rows event.
            
Fix
====
          
The problem is fixed in 2 steps:

1.) The Dump thread limit to read event is increased to the upper limit
    i.e. Dump thread reads whatever gets logged in the binary log.

2.) On the slave side we increase the the max_allowed_packet for the
    slave's threads (IO/SQL) by increasing it to 1GB.

    This is done using the new server option (slave_max_allowed_packet)
    included, is used to regulate the max_allowed_packet of the  
    slave thread (IO/SQL) by the DBA, and facilitates the sending of
    large packets from the master to the slave.

    This causes the large packets to be received by the slave and apply
    it successfully.

sql/log_event.cc:
  The max_allowed_packet is not evaluated to the new option 
  slave_max_allowed_packet after the fix.
sql/log_event.h:
  Added the new option in the log_event.h file.
sql/mysqld.cc:
  Added a new option to the server.
sql/slave.cc:
  Increasing the session max_allowed_packet to a large value,
  i.e. not taking global(max_allowed) into consideration, for the slave's threads.
sql/sql_repl.cc:
  The dump thread's max_allowed_packet is set to the upper limit
  which makes it independent and it now reads whatever gets 
  logged in the binary log.

Patch for 5.1 and 5.5: fix typo in byte comparison in rr_cmp()

with false condition, gets confused and throws wrong errors

WHEN KILLING

Suppose there is a query waiting for a lock.  If the user kills
this query, then "Got error -1 when reading table" error message
must not be logged in the server log file.  Since this is a user
requested interruption, no spurious error message must be logged
in the server log.  This patch will remove the error message from
the log.

approved by joh and tatjana

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Problem: mysqlbinlog exits without any error code in case of
file write error. It is because of the fact that the calls
to Log_event::print() method does not return a value and the
thus any error were being ignored.

Resolution: We resolve this problem by checking for the 
IO_CACHE::error == -1 after every call to Log_event:: print()
and terminating the further execution.

client/mysqlbinlog.cc:
  - handled error conditions during event->print() calls
  - added check for error in end_io_cache()
mysys/my_write.c:
  Added debug code to simulate file write error.
  error returned will be ENOSPC=> error no space on the disk
sql/log_event.cc:
  Added debug code to simulate file write error, by reducing the size of io cache.