Problem:
Insert with 'on duplicate key update' on a view,
crashes the server.
      
Analysis:
During an insert on to a view, we do the following:
      
For insert fields and values -
1. Resolve insert values.
2. Resolve insert fields.
3. Check if the fields and values are all from a 
   single table of a view in case of INSERT VALUES.
   Do not check the same in case of INSERT SELECT,
   as the values can be read from different table than
   that of the view.
      
For the update fields (if DUP UPDATE is used)
1. Create a name resolution context with 'table_list' only.
2. Resolve update fields in this context.
3. Check if update fields and values are from the same
   table as the insert fields.
4. Get the next name resolution context. Concatinate this
   with the previous one.
5. Resolve update values in this context as we can refer
   to other tables in the values clause.
      
Note that at step 3(of update fields), we check for
'used_tables map' of update values, without resolving them
first. Hence the crash.
      
Fix:
At step 3, do not pass the update values to check if its a
single table view update, as update values can refer other table.
      
Code has been re-organized to function like check_insert_fields.

TABLE/KEY RELATIONS

The DICT_FK_MAX_RECURSIVE_LOAD was reduced from 250 to 33 in rb#2058.
But in optimized build, this recursive depth is still too deep and
resulted in stack overflow.  So reducing this depth to 20 now.

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SCHEDULER DROPS EVENTS

Problem: On a semi sync enabled server (Master/Slave),
if event scheduler drops an event after completion,
server crashes.

Analaysis: If an event is created with "ON COMPLETION
NOT PRESERVE" clause, event scheduler deletes the event
upon event completion(expiration) and the thread object
will be destroyed. In the destructor of the thread object,
mysys_var member is set to zero explicitly. Later from
the same destructor call(same execution path),
incase of semi sync enabled server, while cleanup is called,
THD::mysys_var member is accessed by THD::enter_cond()
function which causes server to crash.

Fix: mysys_var should not be explicitly set to zero and
also it is not required.

Fixed the get_data_size() methods for multi-point features to check properly for end 
of their respective data arrays.
Extended the point checking function to take a 3d optional argument so cases where
there's additional data in each array element (besides the point data itself) can be
covered by the helper function.
Fixed the 3 cases where such offset was present to use the proper checking helper 
function.
Test cases added.
Fixed review comments.

              REGULAR SQL VS PREPARED STATEMENT

Analysis:
---------

When passing user variables as parameters to the
prepared statements, the IF() function evaluation
turns out to be incorrect.

Consider the example:

SET @var1='0.038687';
SELECT @var1 , IF( @var1 = 0 , 1 ,@var1 ) AS sqlif ;
+----------+----------+
| @var1    | sqlif    |
+----------+----------+
| 0.038687 | 0.038687 |
+----------+----------+

Executing a prepared statement where the parameters are
supplied:

PREPARE fail_stmt FROM "SELECT ? ,
IF( ? = 0 , 1 , ? ) AS ps_if_fail" ;
EXECUTE fail_stmt USING @var1 ,@var1 , @var1 ;
+----------+------------+
| ?        | ps_if_fail |
+----------+------------+
| 0.038687 | 1          |
+----------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

In the regular statement or while executing the prepared
statements without passing parameters, the decimal
precision is set for the user variable of type string.
The comparison function used for evaluation considered
the precision while comparing the values.

But while executing the prepared statement with the
parameters supplied, the decimal precision was not
set. Thus the comparison function chosen was different
which looked at the absolute values for comparison.

Fix:
----

The fix is to set 'decimals' field of Item_param to the
default value which is nothing but the maximum number of
decimals(NOT_FIXED_DEC). This is set for cases where the
strings are converted to the numeric form within certain
functions. Thus the value is not rounded off during
comparison, ensuring correct evaluation.

NO ERRORS REPORTED
      
Problem:
=======
Errors from my_b_fill are ignored. MYSQL_BIN_LOG::write_cache
code assumes that 0 returned from my_b_fill always means
end-of-cache, but that is incorrect. It can result in error
and the error is ignored. Other callers of my_b_fill don't
check for error: my_b_copy_to_file, maybe my_b_gets.
      
Fix:
===
An error handler is already present to check the "cache"
error that is reported during "MYSQL_BIN_LOG::write_cache"
call. Hence error handlers are added for "my_b_copy_to_file"
and "my_b_gets".
During my_b_fill() function call, when the cache read fails
info->error= -1 is set. Hence a check for "info->error"
is added for the above to callers upon their return.

TABLE/KEY RELATIONS

Problem:

When there are many tables, linked together through the foreign key
constraints, then loading one table will recursively open other tables.  This
can sometimes lead to thread stack overflow.  In such situations the server
will exit.

I see the stack overflow problem when the thread_stack is 196608 (the default
value for 32-bit systems).  I don't see the problem when the thread_stack is
set to 262144 (the default value for 64-bit systems).

Solution:

Currently, in InnoDB, there is a macro DICT_FK_MAX_RECURSIVE_LOAD which defines
the maximum number of tables that will be loaded recursively because of foreign
key relations.  This is currently set to 250.  We can reduce this number to 33
(anything more than 33 does not solve the problem for the default value).  We
can keep it small enough so that thread stack overflow does not happen for the
default values.  Reducing the DICT_FK_MAX_RECURSIVE_LOAD will not affect the
functionality of InnoDB.  The tables will eventually be loaded. 

rb#2058 approved by Marko

The GIS WKB reader was checking for the presence of
enough data by first multiplying the number read (where
it could overflow) and only then comparing it to the
number of bytes available.
This can overflow and effectively turn off the check.
Fixed by:
1. Introducing a new function that does division only so
no overflow is possible.
2. Using the proper macros and parenthesizing them.
3. Doing an in-line division check in the only place where
the boundary check is done over a data structure other
than a dense points array.

Merge from mysql-5.1 into mysql-5.5.

Fixed possible uninitialized variable.

--BINLOG-IGNORE-DB AND FULLY QUALIFIED TABLE
      
Problem:
=======
An ALTER TABLE statement is not written to binlog if server
started with "--binlog-ignore-db some database" and 'fully
qualified' table names are used in the ALTER TABLE statement
altering table different from current database context.
      
Analysis:
========
The above mentioned problem not only affects "ALTER TABLE"
statements but also to all kind of statements. Once the 
current default database becomes "NULL" none of the 
statements will be binlogged.
      
The current behaviour is such that if the user has specified
restrictions on which database needs to be replicated and the
default db is not specified, then do not replicate.
This means that "NULL" is considered to be equivalent to
everything (default db = null implied ignore don't log the
statement).
      
Fix:
===
"NULL" should not be considered as equivalent to everything.
Since the filtering criteria is not equal to "NULL" the
statement should be logged into binlog.

TABLE/KEY RELATIONS

Problem:

When there are many tables, linked together through the foreign key
constraints, then loading one table will recursively open other tables.  This
can sometimes lead to thread stack overflow.  In such situations the server
will exit.

I see the stack overflow problem when the thread_stack is 196608 (the default
value for 32-bit systems).  I don't see the problem when the thread_stack is
set to 262144 (the default value for 64-bit systems).

Solution:

Currently, in InnoDB, there is a macro DICT_FK_MAX_RECURSIVE_LOAD which defines
the maximum number of tables that will be loaded recursively because of foreign
key relations.  This is currently set to 250.  We can reduce this number to 33
(anything more than 33 does not solve the problem for the default value).  We
can keep it small enough so that thread stack overflow does not happen for the
default values.  Reducing the DICT_FK_MAX_RECURSIVE_LOAD will not affect the
functionality of InnoDB.  The tables will eventually be loaded. 

rb#2058 approved by Marko

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At logging a first Query referring a user var, the slave missed to log the user var.
It appears that at execution of a Uservar event the slaver applier
thought of the variable as already logged.
The reason of misjudgement is in coincidence of query id:s: of one that the thread
holds at Uservar execution and another one that the thread sees at the Query applying.
While the two are naturally different in the regular execution branch (as two computational
events are separated as individual events), in the deferred applying case the User var execution
effectively belongs to its Query processing.

Fixed with storing the Uservar parsing time (where desicion to defer is taken) query id 
to temporarily substitute with it the actual query id at the Uservar execution time
(along with its query).
Such manipulation mimics behaviour of the regular applying branch.

Bug#13243248 CHECK FOR "STACK OVERRUN" DOESN'T WORK WITH GCC-4.6, SERVER CRASHES

The existing check for stack direction may give wrong results
for new versions of gcc at high optimization levels.

Solution: Backport the stack-direction check from 5.5

      
Problem - When the slave was disconnected from the master, under certain 
          conditions, upon reconnect, it will report that it received a 
          packet larger the slave_max_allowed_packet which causes the
          replication to stop.
 
Analysis -The reason of this failure is that on reconnect
          the slave sets the max_allowed_packet from the master's mi->mysql
          object which keeps the max_allowed_packet as 1MB. This causes the 
          slave to report such error on recieving packet bigger than 1MB. 
          START SLAVE on the slave fixes the problem since it restarts
          slave threads which initializes the max_allowed_packet to
          slave_max_allowed_packet.
      
Fix - The problem is fixed by some code refactoring and introduction of a new
      function which updates the max_allowed_packet for the THD object of the
      slave thread and the mysql->options max_allowed_packet.

As current size limit of 'url' field of help_topic
table is no longer sufficient for the contents of
the fill_help_tables-5.1.sql. So, loading the contents
in the table might result in warning (or error with
stricter modes).

Updated the type for 'url' field of help_topic as well
as help_category tables from char(128) to text.