MDEV-14401: Stored procedure that declares a handler that catches ER_LOCK_DEADLOCK error causes thd->is_error() assertion

This was missing bug fix from MySQL wsrep i.e. Galera.
Problem was that if stored procedure declares a handler that
catches deadlock error, then the error may have been
cleared in method sp_rcontext::handle_sql_condition().
Use wsrep_conflict_state correctly to determine is the
error already sent to client.

Add test case for both this bug and MDEV-12837: WSREP: BF
lock wait long. Test requires both fixes to pass.

Problem was a merge error from MySQL wsrep i.e. Galera.

wsrep_on_check
	New check function. Galera can't be enabled
	if innodb-lock-schedule-algorithm=VATS.

innobase_kill_query
	In Galera async kill we could own lock mutex.

innobase_init
	If Variance-Aware-Transaction-Sheduling Algorithm (VATS) is
	used on Galera we fall back to First-Come-First-Served (FCFS)
	with notice to user.

Changed innodb-lock-schedule-algorithm as read-only parameter
as it was designed to be.

lock_reset_lock_and_trx_wait
	Use ib::hex() to print out transaction ID.

lock_rec_other_has_expl_req,
lock_rec_other_has_conflicting,
RecLock::add_to_waitq
lock_rec_lock_slow
lock_table_other_has_incompatible
lock_rec_insert_check_and_lock
lock_prdt_other_has_conflicting

	Change pointer to conflicting lock to normal pointer as this
	pointer contents could be changed later.

RecLock::create
	Conclicting lock pointer is moved to last parameter with
	default value NULL. This conflicting transaction could
	be selected as victim in Galera if requesting transaction
	is BF (brute force) transaction. In this case contents
	of conflicting lock pointer will be changed. Use ib::hex() to print
	transaction ids.

Increase the number of status variabels that can be handled

dict_stats_process_entry_from_defrag_pool(): Release the mutex

Follow-up fix to MDEV-13201 Assertion `srv_undo_sources || ...` failed on shutdown during DDL operation

Introduce the debug flag trx_t::persistent_stats to suppress the
assertion for the updates of persistent statistics during fast
shutdown.

dict_stats_exec_sql(): Do execute the statement even though shutdown
has been initiated.

dict_stats_exec_sql(): Expect the caller to always provide a transaction.
Remove some redundant assertions. The caller must hold dict_sys->mutex,
but holding dict_operation_lock is only necessary for accessing
data dictionary tables, which we are not accessing.

dict_stats_save_index_stat(): Acquire dict_sys->mutex
for invoking dict_stats_exec_sql().

dict_stats_save(), dict_stats_update_for_index(), dict_stats_update(),
dict_stats_drop_index(), dict_stats_delete_from_table_stats(),
dict_stats_delete_from_index_stats(), dict_stats_drop_table(),
dict_stats_rename_in_table_stats(), dict_stats_rename_in_index_stats(),
dict_stats_rename_table(): Use a single caller-provided
transaction that is started and committed or rolled back by the caller.

dict_stats_process_entry_from_recalc_pool(): Let the caller provide
a transaction object.

ha_innobase::open(): Pass a transaction to dict_stats_init().

ha_innobase::create(), ha_innobase::discard_or_import_tablespace():
Pass a transaction to dict_stats_update().

ha_innobase::rename_table(): Pass a transaction to
dict_stats_rename_table(). We do not use the same transaction
as the one that updated the data dictionary tables, because
we already released the dict_operation_lock. (FIXME: there is
a race condition; a lock wait on SYS_* tables could occur
in another DDL transaction until the data dictionary transaction
is committed.)

ha_innobase::info_low(): Pass a transaction to dict_stats_update()
when calculating persistent statistics.

alter_stats_norebuild(), alter_stats_rebuild(): Update the
persistent statistics as well. In this way, a single transaction
will be used for updating the statistics of a whole table, even
for partitioned tables.

ha_innobase::commit_inplace_alter_table(): Drop statistics for
all partitions when adding or dropping virtual columns, so that
the statistics will be recalculated on the next handler::open().
This is a refactored version of Oracle Bug#22469660 fix.

RecLock::add_to_waitq(), lock_table_enqueue_waiting():
Do not allow a lock wait to occur for updating statistics
in a data dictionary transaction, such as DROP TABLE. Instead,
return the previously unused error code DB_QUE_THR_SUSPENDED.

row_merge_lock_table(), row_mysql_lock_table(): Remove dead code
for handling DB_QUE_THR_SUSPENDED.

row_drop_table_for_mysql(), row_truncate_table_for_mysql():
Drop the statistics as part of the data dictionary transaction.
After TRUNCATE TABLE, the statistics will be recalculated on
subsequent ha_innobase::open(), similar to how the logic after
the above-mentioned Oracle Bug#22469660 fix in
ha_innobase::commit_inplace_alter_table() works.

btr_defragment_thread(): Use a single transaction object for
updating defragmentation statistics.

dict_stats_save_defrag_stats(), dict_stats_save_defrag_stats(),
dict_stats_process_entry_from_defrag_pool(),
dict_defrag_process_entries_from_defrag_pool(),
dict_stats_save_defrag_summary(), dict_stats_save_defrag_stats():
Add a parameter for the transaction.

dict_stats_empty_table(): Make public. This will be called by
row_truncate_table_for_mysql() after dropping persistent statistics,
to clear the memory-based statistics as well.

Part #2: Don't use the new code for the clustered PK, it is handled
in the special way right above.

TABLE_SHARE::init_from_binary_frm_image() calls handler_file->index_flags()
before it has set TABLE_SHARE::primary_key (it is 0 while it should be
MAX_KEY in my example).
This causes MyRocks to report wrong index flags (it thinks it's a PK while
it is not), which causes invalid query plans later on.

Do the only thing that seems feasible: adjust field->part_of key to have
correct value in ha_rocksdb::open.

Part#1: Set field->part_of_key correctly for PK fields.

MDEV-14587 dict_stats_process_entry_from_defrag_pool() fails to call dict_table_close() when index==NULL

dict_stats_process_entry_from_defrag_pool(): Simplify the logic,
and always call dict_table_close() when dict_table_open() returned
a non-NULL handle.

MDEV-13670/MDEV-14550 Error log flood :  "InnoDB: page_cleaner: 1000ms intended loop took N ms. The settings might not be optimal."

Silence the error log output that was introduced in MySQL 5.7
(MariaDB 10.2.2) if log_warnings=2 or less.

We should still figure out what these messages really indicate
and how to solve the problems.

pc_sleep_if_needed(): Add a parameter for the current time,
so that there will be fewer successive calls to ut_time_ms()
with no I/O between them.

buf_flush_page_cleaner_coordinator(): Exit the first loop
whenever shutdown has been requested. At the start of the loop,
call ut_time_ms() only once. Do not display the message if
log_warnings=2 or less.

The function dict_stats_update_if_needed() replaced
row_update_statistics_if_needed(). Adjust the comments accordingly.

Problem was that Binlog_checkpoint can happen at random times.
Fixed by not write binlog_checkpoint for the rpl_log test.

Other things:
- Removed not used variable "$keep_gtid_events"
- Added option for show_binlog_events to skip binlog_checkpoint

Originally only symbols withing [] where resolved. Now we resolve
symbols also withing (+...)

To make it easier to see where the resolved symbol comes from, we
resolve the symbol 'in place' instead of just printing the resolved
symbol alone.

srv_purge_wakeup(): If thd_destructor_proxy has initiated the first
step of shutdown, ensure that all purge threads terminate.

logs_empty_and_mark_files_at_shutdown(): Add a debug assertion.
(The purge threads should have been shut down already before this step.)

(possibly intermittent) checksum mismatch.

is detected.

The checksum mismatch can be due to partial write, thus retry the read

Window is a reserved keyword according to SQL Standard 2016. However, we
can make the grammar slightly flexible by allowing WINDOW keyword everywhere
except table aliases. Change yacc grammar to separate between all keywords
and table_alias keywords.

- get rid of casts between int and HANDLE.
- store file descriptor in TP_connection_generic to get
rid of multiple mysql_socket_getfd(c->thd->net.vio->mysql_socket))

Also support named pipes (no reason not to support, since it is easy)

mariabackup fails to builds with PFS disabled. The reason was missing include,
which was included by PFS otherwise.

# Conflicts:
#	storage/innobase/include/os0file.h

When Mariabackup is invoked on an instance that uses a multi-file
InnoDB system tablespace, it may fail to other files of the system
tablespace than the first one.
This was revealed by the MDEV-14447 test case.
The offending code is assuming that the first page of each data file
is page 0. But, in multi-file system tablespaces that is not the case.

xb_fil_cur_open(): Instead of re-reading the first page of the file,
rely on the fil_space_t metadata that already exists in memory.

xb_get_space_flags(): Remove.

Update C/C to include fix for this bug.