MDEV-16174 Assertion `0' failed in Type_handler_string_result::make_sort_key(uchar*, Item*, const SORT_FIELD_ATTR*, Sort_param*)

maybe_null should be always set to TRUE in
Item_func_json_array_append::fix_length_and_dec()

           Item_direct_view_ref::derived_field_transformer_for_where
           upon updating a view

The condition pushed into a materialized derived / view mast be adjusted
for the new context: its column references must be substituted for
references to the columns of the underlying tables if the condition
is pushed into WHERE. The substitution is performed by the 'transform'
method. If the materialized derived is used in a mergeable view then
the references to the columns of the view are represented by
Item_direct_view_ref objects. The transform method first processes
the item wrapped in such an object and only after this it transforms
the object itself.
The transformation procedure of an Item_direct_view_ref object has
to know whether the item it wraps has been substituted. If so the
procedure does not have to do anything. In the code before this patch
it was not possible for the transformation procedure used by an
Item_direct_view_ref object to find out whether a substitution for
the wrapped item had happened.

The test innodb.log_file_name_debug failed to ensure that
the bogus redo log record that its debug injection emitted
would be consumed by a redo log checkpoint before running a
subsequent test, which could perform crash recovery.

Add an extra shutdown to ensure that a redo log checkpoint is
generated. In this way, the following will succeed:

./mtr --no-reorder innodb.log_file_name_debug innodb.read_only_recovery

This bug in the code of the function With_element::check_unrestricted_recursive()
could force a recursive CTE to be executed in a non-standard compliant mode
in which recursive UNION ALL could lead to an infinite execution. This
problem could occur only in the case when this CTE was used by another
recursive CTE at least twice.

There was a failure in rpl_delayed_slave after recent MDEV-14528 commit.
The parallel applier should not set its
Relay_log::last_master_timestamp from Format-descriptor log event.
The latter may reflect a deep past so Seconds-behind-master will be
computed through it and displayed all time while the first possibly
"slow" group of events is executed.

The main MDEV-14528 is refined, rpl_delayed_slave now passes also
in the parallel mode.

Fix is not to use blocking socket IO during SSL handshake.
With non-blocking socket IO, threadpool is able to utilize the wait
notification callbacks, that vio_io_wait() is calling whenever
socket would block.

When replicated events are from Master unaware of MariaDB GTID their handling by
the Parallel slave misses Seconds_Behind_Master updating.

In the bug condition the Show-Slave-Status' field remains unchanged.

Because in such case event execution is sequential the bug
is fixed with deploying the same logics as in the explicit single-threaded mode
with is to set

  Relay_log_event::last_master_timestamp

member early at the end of event reading from the relay log.

It tests SQL-level feature that is available in FB/MySQL and not in MariaDB

Background: Used encryption key_id is stored to encryption metadata
i.e. crypt_data that is stored on page 0 of the tablespace of the
table. crypt_data is created only if implicit encryption/not encryption
is requested i.e. ENCRYPTED=[YES|NO] table option is used
fil_create_new_single_table_tablespace on fil0fil.cc.

Later if encryption is enabled all tables that use default encryption
mode (i.e. no encryption table option is set) are encrypted with
default encryption key_id that is 1. See fil_crypt_start_encrypting_space on
fil0crypt.cc.

ha_innobase::check_table_options()
	If default encryption is used and encryption is disabled, you may
        not use nondefault encryption_key_id as it is not stored anywhere.

Remove trailing white space, and use lower case for "eval" and "let".
Add an "End of 10.2 tests" marker to ease future merges.

The relevant InnoDB/XtraDB fixes up to 5.6.42 had already
been applied to MariaDB in commit 30c3d6db.

Revert some changes that appeared in
the merge commit 87d852f1.

Problem affects INPLACE ALTER rename columns.

innobase_rename_column_try(): some strcmp() was replaced with my_strcasecmp(),
queries to update data dictionary was updated to not match column name case.

MDEV-17349 Assertion `!table || (!table->read_set || bitmap_is_set(table->read_set, field_index))' failed on concurrent SELECT and DELETE after RENAME from table with index on virtual column

Race condition. field->flags were copied from s->field->flags during
field->clone(), early in open_table_from_share(). But s->field->flags
were getting their PART_INDIRECT_KEY_FLAG bit much later in
TABLE::mark_columns_used_by_virtual_fields() and only once per share.

If two threads were executing the code between field->clone()
and mark_columns_used_by_virtual_fields() at the same time, only
one would get PART_INDIRECT_KEY_FLAG bits in field[].

LOCK view WRITE shouldn't block FLUSH view.
So we set the view's mdl_request type to it's tables.

my_read fixed as in higher versions.
my_pread made as my_read aware of partial read of huge chunks of files
MY_FULL_IO enabled for file operations

thd_rpl_stmt_based(): A new predicate to check if statement-based
replication is active. (This can also hold when replication is not
in use, but binlog is.)

que_thr_stop(), row_ins_duplicate_error_in_clust(),
row_ins_sec_index_entry_low(), row_ins(): On a duplicate key error,
only lock all index records when statement-based replication is in use.

Users expect window functions to produce a certain ordering of rows in
the final result set. Although the standard does not require this, we
already have the filesort result done for when we computed the window
function. If there is no ORDER BY attached to the query, just keep it
till the SELECT is completely evaluated and use that to print the
result.

Update test cases as many did not take care to guarantee a stable
result.

followup for c32f7ed2

reset lex->many_values for LOAD DATA, as it's used for
auto-inc range size estimation.

set both `password` and `authentication_string` columns in `mysql`.`user`
table for now.

Suppress the "password was ignored" warning if the password is
the same as the authentication string

 which did not always correctly simulated io-cache::end_of_file.
The error was caused by implicit cast to unsigned of an intemediate term
in a formula.

The parameters bool sync=true, bool read_only=false of mtr_t::start()
were added in
https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server/commit/eca5b0fc17a5bd6d4833d35a0d08c8549dd3b5ec
(MySQL 5.7.3).

The parameter read_only was never used anywhere.
The parameter sync was only copied around, and would be returned
by the unused function mtr_t::is_async().

We do not need this dead code in MariaDB.

At the start of the function, we already dereferenced node,
so the checks for NULL are unnecessary and redundant.

For index merge union[or sort union], the estimates are not taken into account while calculating the selectivity of
a condition. So instead of showing the estimates of the index merge union[or sort union], it shows estimates equal to
all the records of the table.
The fix for the issue is to include the selectivity of index merge
union[or sort union] while calculating the selectivity of a condition.

branch.