MDEV-16210 FK constraints on versioned tables use historical rows, which may cause constraint violation

Constraint check is done on secondary index update.
F.ex. DELETE does row_upd_sec_index_entry() and checks constraints in
row_upd_check_references_constraints(). UPDATE is optimized for the
case when order is not changed (node->cmpl_info & UPD_NODE_NO_ORD_CHANGE)
and doesn't do row_upd_sec_index_entry(), so it doesn't check constraints.

Since for versioned DELETE we do UPDATE actually, but expect behaviour
of DELETE in terms of constraints, we should deny this optimization to
get constraints checked.

Fix wrong referenced table check when versioned DELETE inserts history in parent
table. Set check_ref to false in this case.

Removed unused dup_chk_only argument for row_ins_sec_index_entry() and
added check_ref argument.

MDEV-18057 fix was superseded by this fix and reverted.

foreign.test:
All key_type combinations: pk, unique, sec(ondary).

Preparation for MDEV-16210:

replace.test:
key_type combinations: PK and UNIQUE.

foreign.test:
Preparation for key_type combinations.

Other fixes:

* Merged versioning.update2 into versioning.update;
* Removed test2 database and done individual drop instead.

The field buf_page_t::encrypted was added in MDEV-8588.
It was made mostly redundant in MDEV-12699. Remove the field.

calc_field_event_length(): For type=MYSQL_TYPE_BLOB and meta==0,
return 0 instead of *ptr+1. This was noted by -Wimplicit-fallthrough.

(fix and explanation came with MDEV-20753 (duplicate of this bug))

Do not try to push down conditions to engine if query was resolved without tables (and so the engine).

btr_cur_pessimistic_delete(): code changed in a way that allows
to put more REC_INFO_MIN_REC_FLAG assertions inside btr_set_min_rec_mark().
Without that change tests innodb.innodb-table-online,
innodb.temp_table_savepoint and innodb_zip.prefix_index_liftedlimit fail.

Removed basically duplicated page_zip_validate() calls
which fails because of temporary(!) invariant violation.
That fixed innodb_zip.wl5522_debug_zip and
innodb_zip.prefix_index_liftedlimit

The bug affects MariaDB Server 10.3 or later, but it makes sense
to improve CHECK TABLE in earlier versions already.

page_validate(): Check REC_INFO_MIN_REC_FLAG in the records.
This allows CHECK TABLE to catch more bugs.

Until now, InnoDB inefficiently compared the aligned fields
FIL_PAGE_PREV, FIL_PAGE_NEXT to the byte-order-agnostic value FIL_NULL.

This is a backport of 32170f8c
from MariaDB Server 10.3.

MDEV-20574 Position of events reported by mysqlbinlog is wrong with encrypted binlogs, SHOW BINLOG EVENTS reports the correct one.

Analysis

Mysqlbinlog output for encrypted binary log
#Q> insert into tab1 values (3,'row 003')
#190912 17:36:35 server id 10221  end_log_pos 980 CRC32 0x53bcb3d3  Table_map: `test`.`tab1` mapped to number 19
# at 940
#190912 17:36:35 server id 10221  end_log_pos 1026 CRC32 0xf2ae5136     Write_rows: table id 19 flags: STMT_END_F

Here we can see Table_map_log_event ends at 980 but Next event starts at 940.
And the reason for that is we do not send START_ENCRYPTION_EVENT to the slave

Solution:-
Send Start_encryption_log_event as Ignorable_log_event to slave(mysqlbinlog),
So that mysqlbinlog can update its log_pos.
Since Slave can request multiple FORMAT_DESCRIPTION_EVENT while master does not
have so We only update slave master pos when master actually have the
FORMAT_DESCRIPTION_EVENT. Similar logic should be applied for START_ENCRYPTION_EVENT.

Also added the test case when new server reads the data from old server which
does not send START_ENCRYPTION_EVENT to slave.

Master Slave Upgrade Scenario.
When Slave is updated first, Slave will have extra logic of handling
START_ENCRYPTION_EVENT But master willnot be sending START_ENCRYPTION_EVENT.
So there will be no issue.
When Master is updated first, It will send  START_ENCRYPTION_EVENT to
slave , But slave will ignore this event in queue_event.

Fix rpl_skip_error test.
  We cant reset Slave_skipped_errors(even with FLUSH STATUS), So instead
of absolute slave_skipped_errors we look for delta of slave_skipped_errors
Fix rpl.rpl_binlog_errors and binlog_encryption.rpl_binlog_errors
  We create the $load_file and $load_file2 but we never remove them.
Fix rpl_000011.test
  Instead of real value use delta value , Since flush status wont flush
LONGLONG variable.
Fix rpl_row_find_row_debug
  Instead of searching whole log_error_ file we will use search_pattern_in_file
which runs pattern search only on latest test run , instead of full file.
Fix rpl_ip_mix rpl_ip_mix2
  We should call reset slave all because we also want to reset master_host
otherwise show slave status wont be empty and making repeat N a failure.
Fix rpl_rotate_logs
  First we have to remove master.info file (cleanup) and second we have to
call reset slave all because if we do not call reset slave all then we wont
read master.info file beacuse we already have master config in memory.
And this makes start slave to pass , which shoud fail becuase its permision
is 000
Fix circular_serverid0 test
  The reason is that ++dbug_rows_event_count == 2 in queue_event does
not take --repeat into account. So I have reseted the dbug_rows_event_count
in if body.

calc_field_event_length should accurately calculate the size of BLOB type
fields, Instead of returning just the bytes taken by length it should return
length bytes + actual length.

The function was declared but not defined in
commit 9d6d1902

             read_statistics_for_tables_if_needed

Regression after 279a907f, read_statistics_for_tables_if_needed() was
called after open_normal_and_derived_tables() failure.

Fixed by moving read_statistics_for_tables() call to a branch of
get_schema_stat_record() where result of open_normal_and_derived_tables()
is checked.

Removed THD::force_read_stats, added read_statistics_for_tables() instead.
Simplified away statistics_for_command_is_needed().

As it is included from my_global.h already.

This applies to large allocations.

This maps to the way Linux does it in MDEV-10814 except FreeBSD uses
different constants.

Adjust error string to match to implementation.

Tested on FreeBSD-12.0

Moved EITS allocation inside read_statistics_for_tables_if_needed().
Removed redundant is_safe argument.

When "--export" mariabackup option is used, mariabackup starts the server in
bootstrap mode to generate *.cfg files for the certain innodb tables.
The started instance of the server reads options from the file, pointed
out in "--defaults-file" mariabackup option.

If the server uses the same config file as mariabackup, and binlog is
switched on in that config file, then "mariabackup --prepare --export"
will create binary log files in the server's binary log directory, what
can cause issues.

The fix is to add "--skip-log-bin" in mysld options when the server is
started to generate *.cfg files.

Make the skip_key a bit faster.

First character of the key name is just skipped, so the escapement
wasn't handled properly.

For release builds, do not declare unused variables.

unpack_row(): Omit a debug-only variable from WSREP diagnostic message.

create_wsrep_THD(): Fix -Wmaybe-uninitialized for the PSI_thread_key.

MDEV-20645: Replication consistency is broken as workers miss the error notification from an earlier failed group.

Analysis:
========
In general if there are three groups.
1 - Inserts 32 which fails due to local entry '32' on slave.
2 - Inserts 33
3 - Inserts 34

Each group considers itself as a waiter and it waits for prior group 'waitee'.
This is done in 'register_wait_for_prior_event_group_commit'. If there is no
other parallel group being scheduled then no waitee will be there.

Let us assume 3 groups are being scheduled in parallel.

3-> waits for 2-> waits for->1

'1' upon completion it checks is there any registered subsequent waiter. If
so it wakes up the subsequent waiter with its execution status. This execution
status is stored in wakeup_error.

If '1' failed then it sends corresponding wakeup_error to 2. Then '2' aborts
and it propagates error to '3'.  So all further commits are aborted.  This
mechanism works only when all transactions reach a stage where they are
waiting for their prior commit to complete.

In case of optimistic following scenario occurs.

1,2,3 are scheduled in parallel.

3 - Reaches group_commit_code waits for 2 to complete.
1 - errors out sets stop_on_error_sub_id=1.

When a group execution results in error its corresponding sub_id is set to
'stop_on_error_sub_id'. Any new groups queued for execution will check if
their sub_id is > stop_on_error_sub_id.  If it is true their execution will be
skipped as prior group execution failed.  'skip_event_group=1' will be set.
Since the execution of SQL thread is about to stop we just skip execution of
all the following event groups.  We still do all the normal waiting and wakeup
processing between the event groups as a simple way to ensure that everything
is stopped and cleaned up correctly.

Upon error '1' transaction checks for registered waiters. Since no one is
there it simply goes away.

2 - Starts the execution. It checks do I have a waitee.

Since wait_commit_sub_id == entry->last_committed_sub_id no waitee is set.

Secondly: 'entry->stop_on_error_sub_id' is set by '1'st execution.  Now
'handle_parallel_thread' code checks if the current group 'sub_id' is greater
than the 'sub_id' set within 'stop_on_error_sub_id'.

Since the above is true 'skip_event_group=true' is set.  Simply call
'wait_for_prior_commit' to wakeup all waiters.  Group '2' didn't had any
waitee and its execution is skipped.  Hence its wakeup_error=0.It sends a
positive wakeup signal to '3'. Which commits. This results in a missed
transaction. i.e 33 is missed and 34 is committed.

Fix:
===
When a worker learns that an earlier transaction execution has failed, and it
should not proceed for further execution, it should mark its own execution
status as failed so that it alerts its followers to abort as well.

A syntax error in the mysqld_multi.sh script has been fixed
here + a "--defaults-group-suffix" option has been moved to
the top of the mysqld options list.

The test encryption.innodb-redo-badkey was accidentally disabled
until commit 23657a21 enabled
it recently. Once it was enabled, it started failing randomly.

recv_recover_corrupt_page(): Do not assume that any redo log exists
for the page. A page may be unnecessarily read by read-ahead.
When noting the corruption, reset recv_addr->state to RECV_PROCESSED,
so that even if the same page is re-read again, we will only
decrement recv_sys->n_addrs once.

Spotted by Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani.

rw_lock_own(), rw_lock_own_flagged(): Traverse the rw_lock_t::debug_list
only after quickly checking if the thread is holding X-latch or SX-latch.