MDEV-17070 Table corruption or Assertion `table->file->stats.records > 0 || error' or Assertion `!is_set() || (m_status == DA_OK_BULK && is_bulk_op())' failed upon actions on temporary table

This was caused by a combination of factors:
* MyISAM/Aria temporary tables historically never saved the state
  to disk (MYI/MAI), because the state never needed to persist
* certain ALTER TABLE operations modify the original TABLE structure
  and if they fail, the original table has to be reopened to
  revert all changes (m_needs_reopen=1)

as a result, when ALTER fails and MyISAM/Aria temp table gets reopened,
it reads the stale state from the disk.

As a fix, MyISAM/Aria tables now *always* write the state to disk
on close, *unless* HA_EXTRA_PREPARE_FOR_DROP was done first. And
the server now always does HA_EXTRA_PREPARE_FOR_DROP before dropping
a temporary table.

JSON_ARRAY and JSON_OBJECT functions with no arguments now get the
connection charset. Item_func_convert_charset returns the correct
is_json() flag.

Initialize node->trx_id before checking if a table can be skipped.

wait_all_purged.inc: Wait for 60 seconds instead of 30 seconds.
Purge can be slow on buildbot, especially in ASAN-instrumented builds.

purge_node_t::in_progress: Replaces purge_node_t::done.
Only present in debug builds.

purge_node_t::start(): Moved from the start of row_purge_step().

purge_node_t::end(): Replaces row_purge_end().

trx_purge_attach_undo_recs(): Omit a check from non-debug builds.

If a table has been dropped, rebuilt, or its tablespace has been
discarded or the table is corrupted, it does not make sense to
look up that table again while purging old undo log records.

purge_node_t::purge_node_t(): Replaces row_purge_node_create().

que_common_t::que_common_t(): Constructor.

row_import_update_index_root(): Remove the constant parameter
dict_locked=true, and update the table->def_trx_id in the cache.

purge_node_t::unavailable_table_id: The latest unavailable table ID,
to avoid future lookups.

purge_node_t::def_trx_id: The latest modification of the table
identified by unavailable_table_id, or TRX_ID_MAX.

purge_node_t::is_skipped(): Determine if a table should be skipped.

purge_node_t::skip(): Note that a table should be skipped.

This can be useful:
UBSAN_OPTIONS=log_path=/some/path

clang users may want to increase stack size in include/my_pthread.h or enable
some optimizations

Clean up after commit 0957d257
which introduced some disorder (unsorted or duplicated test names).

modified:   suite/galera/t/galera_autoinc_sst_mariabackup.test

remove WSREP_SST_OPT_SUFFIX_VALUE, checking [mysqld] is covered in the parse_cnf --mysqld case also in wsrep_sst_xtrabackup-v2

wsrep_sst: remove WSREP_SST_OPT_SUFFIX_VALUE, checking [mysqld] is covered in the parse_cnf --mysqld case

modified:   mysql-test/suite/galera/disabled.def
modified:   mysql-test/suite/galera/r/galera_many_rows.result
modified:   mysql-test/suite/galera/t/galera_kill_nochanges.test
new file:   mysql-test/suite/galera/t/galera_many_rows.cnf
modified:   mysql-test/suite/galera/t/galera_many_rows.test
modified:   mysql-test/suite/galera/t/galera_var_dirty_reads.test
modified:   scripts/wsrep_sst_mariabackup.sh

galera.partition and galera.galera_binlog_stmt_autoinc regularly display
mismatching values for AUTO_INCREMENT columns.

galera.MW-336 often times out while waiting for something in PROCESSLIST.

Also, sort the test names, remove the redundant "galera." prefix and
fix typos in 2 test names.

- Fetch innodb_compression_level from the running server.Add the value
of innodb_compression_level in backup-my.cnf file during backup phase.
So that prepare can use the innodb_compression_level variable from
backup-my.cnf

The 10.1 changes to the test case were accidentally omitted
in the merge commit 913e33e4.

The test case was accidentally omitted from the merge
commit 913e33e4.

GCC does not like MY_ATTRIBUTE((nonnull)) on a reference-to-pointer
parameter. clang did not flag an issue wit that.

Rewrite the MDEV-13818 fix to prevent heap-use-after-free.

Add a test case for MDEV-18272.

row_merge_create_index_graph(): Relay the internal state
from dict_create_index_step(). Our caller should free the index
only if it was not copied, added to the cache, and freed.

row_merge_create_index(): Free the index template if it was
not added to the cache. This is a safer variant of the logic
that was introduced in 65070bef in 10.2.

prepare_inplace_alter_table_dict(): Add additional fault injection
to exercise a code path where we have already added an index
to the cache.

row_mysql_handle_errors(): Correct the wrong error handling for
the code DB_FOREIGN_EXCEED_MAX_CASCADE that was introduced in

https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server/commit/c0923d396aef46799883390e9dcf7bbf173e4a03

    commit 35f5429e
    Author: Jimmy Yang <jimmy.yang@oracle.com>
    Date:   Wed Oct 6 06:55:34 2010 -0700

        Manual port Bug #Bug #54582 "stack overflow when opening many tables
        linked with foreign keys at once" from mysql-5.1-security to
        mysql-5.5-security again.

        rb://391 approved by Heikki

No known test case exists for repeating the bug before MariaDB 10.2.
The scenario should be that DB_FOREIGN_EXCEED_MAX_CASCADE is returned,
then InnoDB wrongly skips the rollback to the start of the current
row operation, and finally the SQL layer commits the transaction.
Normally the SQL layer would roll back either the entire transaction or
to the start of the statement. In the faulty scenario, InnoDB would
leave the transaction in an inconsistent state, and the SQL layer could
commit the transaction.

using Item_cond

This bug is similar to the bug MDEV-16765.
It appears because of the wrong pushdown into HAVING clause while this
pushdown shouldn't be made at all.
This happens because function that checks if Item_cond can be pushed
always returns that it can be pushed.

To fix it new method Item_cond::excl_dep_on_table() was added.

This fixes main.mysql_client_test, main.mysql_client_test_comp,
main.mysql_client_test_nonblock failures
in ASAN_OPTIONS="abort_on_error=1" runs

don't initialize mysql structure before it actually becomes needed.

This fixes main.mysqladmin failures
in ASAN_OPTIONS="abort_on_error=1" runs

free already allocated indexes if row_merge_create_index() fails

This fixes innodb.alter_crash failure
in ASAN_OPTIONS="abort_on_error=1" runs

use the correct delete operator

This fixes mroonga/storage.column_generated_stored_add_column failures
in ASAN_OPTIONS="abort_on_error=1" runs

MDEV-18625 ASAN unknown-crash in my_copy_fix_mb / ha_mroonga::storage_inplace_alter_table_add_column

disable inplace alter for adding stored generated columns.

This fixes mroonga/storage.column_generated_stored_add_column failures
in ASAN_OPTIONS="abort_on_error=1" runs

Also, add a test case that shows the bug without ASAN.

fixes these test failures in ASAN builds (in 10.1 and 10.4):
* main.signal_demo3
* main.sp
* sys_vars.max_sp_recursion_depth_func
* mroonga/storage.foreign_key_delete_existent
* mroonga/storage.foreign_key_delete_nonexistent
* mroonga/storage.foreign_key_insert_existent
* mroonga/storage.foreign_key_update_existent
* mroonga/storage.foreign_key_update_nonexistent
* mroonga/storage.function_command_auto-escape
* mroonga/storage.function_command_select
* mroonga/storage.variable_enable_operations_recording_insert

thd->lex->m_sql_cmd was not cleared between queries.
log_slow_query() could crash (when running mtr --ps) because of this.

I know no test case for this bug in 10.1. So a test case will be
committed separately in 10.2

fts_reset_get_doc(): properly initialize fts_get_doc_t::cache

fts_fetch_index_words(): Restore the initialization len=0.
The test innodb_fts.create in 10.2 would end up in an infinite loop
if this assignment is removed, because a following iteration of the
while() loop would assign zip->zp->avail_in=len with the original value
instead of the 0 that was reset in the previous iteration.