Starting with commit 0de3be8c (MDEV-30671),
the field TRX_UNDO_NEEDS_PURGE lost its previous meaning.
The following scenario is possible:

(1) InnoDB is killed at a point of time corresponding to the durable
execution of some fseg_free_step_not_header() but not
trx_purge_remove_log_hdr().
(2) After restart, the affected pages are allocated for something else.
(3) Purge will attempt to access the newly reallocated pages when looking
for some old undo log records.

trx_purge_free_segment(): Invoke trx_purge_remove_log_hdr() as the first
thing, to be safe. If the server is killed, some pages will never be
freed. That is the lesser evil. Also, before each mtr.start(), invoke
log_free_check() to prevent ib_logfile0 overrun.

This patch also fixes some bugs detected by valgrind after this
patch:

- Not enough copy_func elements was allocated by Create_tmp_table() which
  causes an memory overwrite in Create_tmp_table::add_fields()
  I added an ASSERT() to be able to detect this also without valgrind.
  The bug was that TMP_TABLE_PARAM::copy_fields was not correctly set
  when calling create_tmp_table().
- Aria::empty_bits is not allocated if there is no varchar/char/blob
  fields in the table.  Fixed code to take this into account.
  This cannot cause any issues as this is just a memory access
  into other Aria memory and the content of the memory would not be used.
- Aria::last_key_buff was not allocated big enough. This may have caused
  issues with rtrees and ma_extra(HA_EXTRA_REMEMBER_POS) as they
  would use the same memory area.
- Aria and MyISAM didn't take extended key parts into account, which
  caused problems when copying rec_per_key from engine to sql level.
- Mark asan builds with 'asan' in version strihng to detect these in
  not_valgrind_build.inc.
  This is needed to not have main.sp-no-valgrind fail with asan.

It is not safe to invoke trx_purge_free_segment() or execute
innodb_undo_log_truncate=ON before all undo log records in
the rollback segment has been processed.

A prominent failure that would occur due to premature freeing of
undo log pages is that trx_undo_get_undo_rec() would crash when
trying to copy an undo log record to fetch the previous version
of a record.

If trx_undo_get_undo_rec() was not invoked in the unlucky time frame,
then the symptom would be that some committed transaction history is
never removed. This would be detected by CHECK TABLE...EXTENDED that
was impleented in commit ab019010.
Such a garbage collection leak should be possible even when using
innodb_undo_log_truncate=OFF, just involving trx_purge_free_segment().

trx_rseg_t::needs_purge: Change the type from Boolean to a transaction
identifier, noting the most recent non-purged transaction, or 0 if
everything has been purged. On transaction start, we initialize this
to 1 more than the transaction start ID. On recovery, the field may be
adjusted to the transaction end ID (TRX_UNDO_TRX_NO) if it is larger.

The field TRX_UNDO_NEEDS_PURGE becomes write-only; only some debug
assertions that would validate the value. The field reflects the old
inaccurate Boolean field trx_rseg_t::needs_purge.

trx_undo_mem_create_at_db_start(), trx_undo_lists_init(),
trx_rseg_mem_restore(): Remove the parameter max_trx_id.
Instead, store the maximum in trx_rseg_t::needs_purge,
where trx_rseg_array_init() will find it.

trx_purge_free_segment(): Contiguously hold a lock on
trx_rseg_t to prevent any concurrent allocation of undo log.

trx_purge_truncate_rseg_history(): Only invoke trx_purge_free_segment()
if the rollback segment is empty and there are no pending transactions
associated with it.

trx_purge_truncate_history(): Only proceed with innodb_undo_log_truncate=ON
if trx_rseg_t::needs_purge indicates that all history has been purged.

Tested by: Matthias Leich

This almost completely reverts
commit acd23da4 and
retains a safe optimization:

recv_sys_t::parse(): Remove any old redo log records for the
truncated tablespace, to free up memory earlier.
If recovery consists of multiple batches, then recv_sys_t::apply()
will must invoke recv_sys_t::trim() again to avoid wrongly
applying old log records to an already truncated undo tablespace.

There was a bug in JOIN::make_notnull_conds_for_range_scans() when
clearing TABLE->tmp_set, which was used to mark fields that could not be
null.

This function was only used if 'not_null_range_scan=on' is set.

The effect was that tmp_set contained a 'random value' and this caused
the optimizer to think that some fields could not be null.
FLUSH TABLES clears tmp_set and because of this things worked temporarily.

Fixed by clearing tmp_set properly.

Very minor hits found by Coverity for the S3 engine.

- InnoDB fails to reset the after_apply variable before applying
the redo log in last batch during multi-batch recovery.

- During non-last batch of multi-batch recovery, InnoDB holds
log_sys.mutex and preallocates the block which may intiate
page flush, which may initiate log flush, which requires
log_sys.mutex to acquire again. This leads to assert failure.
So InnoDB recovery should release log_sys.mutex before
preallocating the block.

As requested to the UN the country formerly known as Turkey is
to be refered to as Türkiye.

Reviewer: Alexander Barkov

MDEV-30608: rpl.rpl_delayed_parallel_slave_sbm sometimes fails with Seconds_Behind_Master should not have used second transaction timestamp

One of the constraints added in the MDEV-29639 patch, is that only
the first event after idling should update last_master_timestamp;
and as long as the replica has more events to execute, the variable
should not be updated. The corresponding test,
rpl_delayed_parallel_slave_sbm.test, aims to verify this; however,
if the IO thread takes too long to queue events, the SQL thread can
appear to catch up too fast.

This fix ensures that the relay log has been fully written before
executing the events.

Note that the underlying cause of this test failure needs to be
addressed as a bug-fix, this is a temporary fix to stop test
failures. To track work on the bug-fix for the underlying issue,
please see MDEV-30619.

The parser code for single-table DELETE missed the call of the function
LEX::check_main_unit_semantics(). As a result the the field nested level
of SELECT_LEX structures remained set 0 for all non-top level selects.
This could lead to different kind of problems. In particular this did not
allow to determine properly the selects where set functions had to be
aggregated when they were used in inner subqueries.

Approved by Oleksandr Byelkin <sanja@mariadb.com>

This patch is the result of running
run-clang-tidy -fix -header-filter=.* -checks='-*,modernize-use-equals-default' .

Code style changes have been done on top. The result of this change
leads to the following improvements:

1. Binary size reduction.
* For a -DBUILD_CONFIG=mysql_release build, the binary size is reduced by
  ~400kb.
* A raw -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release reduces the binary size by ~1.4kb.

2. Compiler can better understand the intent of the code, thus it leads
   to more optimization possibilities. Additionally it enabled detecting
   unused variables that had an empty default constructor but not marked
   so explicitly.

   Particular change required following this patch in sql/opt_range.cc

   result_keys, an unused template class Bitmap now correctly issues
   unused variable warnings.

   Setting Bitmap template class constructor to default allows the compiler
   to identify that there are no side-effects when instantiating the class.
   Previously the compiler could not issue the warning as it assumed Bitmap
   class (being a template) would not be performing a NO-OP for its default
   constructor. This prevented the "unused variable warning".

The -D flag was not passed to asm compiler, despite SET_PROPERTY(COMPILE_OPTIONS)
The exact reason for that remains unknown.  It was not seen with gcc, as
nor was be reproduced on newer CMake.

Debian 9 has EOL July 6th, 2020. This commit cleans it up
from debian/autobake-deb.sh which is used to build official
versions of MariaDB

Correct error in to only say "continuing to smaller size" if it really
is.

The existing storage/rocksdb/CMakeCache.txt defined
ATOMIC_EXTRA_LIBS when atomics where required. This was
determined by the toplevel configure.cmake test
(HAVE_GCC_C11_ATOMICS_WITH_LIBATOMIC).

As build_rocksdb.cmake is included after ATOMIC_EXTRA_LIBS
was set, we just need to use it. As such no riscv64
specific macro is needed in build_rocksdb.cmake.

As highlighted by Gianfranco Costamagna (@LocutusOfBorg)
in #2472 overwriting SYSTEM_LIBS was problematic.
This is corrected in case in future SYSTEM_LIBS is changed
elsewhere.

Closes #2472.

Normalize innodb_flush_method, the same as the service, before
attempting to print it.

The error string from ER_KILL_QUERY_DENIED_ERROR took a different
type to ER_KILL_DENIED_ERROR for the thread id. This shows
up in differences on 32 big endian arches like powerpc (Deb notation).

Normalize the passing of the THD->id to its real type of my_thread_id,
and cast to (long long) on output. As such normalize the
ER_KILL_QUERY_DENIED_ERROR to that convention too.

Note for upwards merge, convert the type to %lld on new translations
of ER_KILL_QUERY_DENIED_ERROR.

recv_sys_t::parse(): Discard old page-level redo log when parsing
a TRIM_PAGES record.

recv_sys_t::apply(): trim() was invoked in parse() already.

recv_sys_t::truncated_undo_spaces[]: Only store the size, no LSN.

page_recv_t::trim(): Do remove log records for mini-transactions
that end right at the threshold LSN. This will avoid an inconsistency
where a dirty page had been evicted from the buffer pool during
undo tablespace truncation, and recovery would attempt to apply
log records for which the last available copy in the data file is
too new. These changes would be discarded anyway.

Warning on a normal graceful disconnnect is excessive, so lets not do
it.

MDEV-19282 restructed the code from 10.3 so applying this as a 10.4+
fix.

This patch allowed transformation of EXISTS subqueries into equivalent
IN predicands at the top level of WHERE conditions for multi-table UPDATE
and DELETE statements. There was no reason to prohibit the transformation
for such statements. The transformation provides more opportunities of
using semi-join optimizations.

Approved by Oleksandr Byelkin <sanja@mariadb.com>

Changing the tool name in the "mariadb-backup --help" output
from "innobackupex" to "mariadb-backup".

This reverts commit b2ea57e8,
as well as edits binlog.innodb_rc_insert_before_delete.test
to be safely runnable with any preceding test.

Note: manual 10.5 -> 10.6 merge is required to the test.