Functions from sql/statistics.cc don't seem to expect
        stat tables to fail or to have inadequate structure.
        Table open errors suppressed and some validity
        checks added. Invalid tables reported to the server
        log.

The race condition happened if mark_xid_done was considerably delayed,
and an extra Binlog_checkpoint event was written into the binary log
which was later indicated in an error message. Fixed by ensuring
that the event is written before the binary log is rotated to the one
which is used in the output.

The reason is a simple race condition. Initially the test was meant to synchronize with master
before showing tables, but it turned out that the slave IO thread should fail by this point,
and synchronization was removed along with a server bugfix. Now added an intermediate sync
instead, to make sure that slave has replicated events before the point of failure

Update mysqld_multi man page

fixes MDEV-11354 twin include

when crashing on a signal, don't exit(), but re-signal it, so that
the caller could check WIFSIGNALED()

mysqld_safe: don't close stdout and stderr if --dry-run

support encrypted binlogs. Not decryption, but at least recognizing
that event are encrypted and prining them as such

MDEV-11288 Server crashes in Binlog_crypt_data::init trying to feed encrypted log without decryption capabilities

- created binlog_encryption test suite and added it to the default list
- moved some tests from rpl, binlog and multisource suites to extra
  so that they could be re-used in different suites
- made minor changes in include files

crashes server

This bug is the result of merging the Oracle MySQL follow-up fix
BUG#22963169 MYSQL CRASHES ON CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX
without merging the base bug fix:
Bug#79475 Insert a token of 84 4-bytes chars into fts index causes
server crash.

Unlike the above mentioned fixes in MySQL, our fix will not change
the storage format of fulltext indexes in InnoDB or XtraDB
when a character encoding with mbmaxlen=2 or mbmaxlen=3
and the length of a word is between 128 and 84*mbmaxlen bytes.
The Oracle fix would allocate 2 length bytes for these cases.

Compatibility with other MySQL and MariaDB releases is ensured by
persisting the used maximum length in the SYS_COLUMNS table in the
InnoDB data dictionary.

This fix also removes some unnecessary strcmp() calls when checking
for the legacy default collation my_charset_latin1
(my_charset_latin1.name=="latin1_swedish_ci").

fts_create_one_index_table(): Store the actual length in bytes.
This metadata will be written to the SYS_COLUMNS table.

fts_zip_initialize(): Initialize only the first byte of the buffer.
Actually the code should not even care about this first byte, because
the length is set as 0.

FTX_MAX_WORD_LEN: Define as HA_FT_MAXCHARLEN * 4 aka 336 bytes,
not as 254 bytes.

row_merge_create_fts_sort_index(): Set the actual maximum length of the
column in bytes, similar to fts_create_one_index_table().

row_merge_fts_doc_tokenize(): Remove the redundant parameter word_dtype.
Use the actual maximum length of the column. Calculate the extra_size
in the same way as row_merge_buf_encode() does.

trx_state_eq(): Add the parameter bool relaxed=false, to
allow trx->state==TRX_STATE_NOT_STARTED where a different
state is expected, if an error has been reported.

trx_release_savepoint_for_mysql(): Pass relaxed=true to
trx_state_eq(). That is, allow the transaction to be idle
when ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT is attempted after an error
has been reported to the client.

Instead of interpreting --innodb-buffer-pool-populate as
--innodb-numa-interleave, display warning when the option is set,
saying that the option will be removed in MariaDB 10.2.3.

- Used same fix as for MyISAM: High level collation byte stored in unused
  bit_end position.
- Moved language from header to base_info
- Removed unused bit_end part in HA_KEY_SEG

Increase max number of possible table_open_cache instances from 512K
to 1024K. This only affects user who are trying to set the variable over
the old limit.

Delete not used test table_open_cache_instances_basic
(Need to be added back and rewritten in 10.2)

MDEV-11168: InnoDB: Failing assertion: !other_lock || wsrep_thd_is_BF(lock->trx->mysql_thd, FALSE) || wsrep_thd_is_BF(other_lock->trx->mysql_thd, FALSE)

Merged pull request:
Fix error in lock_has_higher_priority #266
https://github.com/MariaDB/server/pull/266

Added test case.

Test moved to big_test and not run with valgrind because of timeout.

Test moved to big_test and not run on valgrind. Test heavy especially on debug builds.

buf_block_init(): Initialize buf_page_t::flush_type.
For some reason, Valgrind 3.12.0 would seem to flag some
bits in adjacent bitfields as uninitialized, even though only
the two bits of flush_type were left uninitialized. Initialize
the field to get rid of many warnings.

buf_page_init_low(): Initialize buf_page_t::old.
For some reason, Valgrind 3.12.0 would seem to flag all 32
bits uninitialized when buf_page_init_for_read() invokes
buf_LRU_add_block(bpage, TRUE). This would trigger bogus warnings
for buf_page_t::freed_page_clock being uninitialized.
(The V-bits would later claim that only "old" is initialized
in the 32-bit word.) Perhaps recent compilers
(GCC 6.2.1 and clang 4.0.0) generate more optimized x86_64 code
for bitfield operations, confusing Valgrind?

mach_write_to_1(), mach_write_to_2(), mach_write_to_3():
Rewrite the assertions that ensure that the most significant
bits are zero. Apparently, clang 4.0.0 would optimize expressions
of the form ((n | 0xFF) <= 0x100) to (n <= 0x100). The redundant
0xFF was added in the first place in order to suppress a
Valgrind warning. (Valgrind would warn about comparing uninitialized
values even in the case when the uninitialized bits do not affect
the result of the comparison.)

In InnoDB and XtraDB functions that declare pointer parameters as nonnull,
remove nullness checks, because GCC would optimize them away anyway.

Use #ifdef instead of #if when checking for a configuration flag.

Clang says that left shifts of negative values are undefined.
So, use ~0U instead of ~0 in a number of macros.

Some functions that were defined as UNIV_INLINE were declared as
UNIV_INTERN. Consistently use the same type of linkage.

ibuf_merge_or_delete_for_page() could pass bitmap_page=NULL to
buf_page_print(), conflicting with the __attribute__((nonnull)).

Make TokuDB report row lock waits with thd_rpl_deadlock_check(). This allows
parallel replication to properly detect conflicts, and kill and retry the
offending transaction.

Merge into the MariaDB tree the pull request from Rich Prohaska for
PerconaFT. These changes are needed to get parallel replication to
work with TokuDB. Once the pull request is accepted by Percona and the new upstream version enters MariaDB, this commit can be superseded.

Original commit message from Rich Prohaska:

    1. Fix the release before wait race

    The release before wait race occurs when a lock is released by transaction A after transaction B tried to acquire it but before transaction B has a chance to register it's pending lock request.  There are several ways to fix this problem, but we want to optimize for the common situation of minimal lock conflicts, which is what the lock acquisition algorithm currently does.  Our solution to the release before wait race is for transaction B to retry its lock request after its lock request has been added to the pending lock set.

    2. Fix the retry race

    The retry race occurs in the current lock retry algorithm which assumes that if some transaction is running lock retry, then my transaction does not also need to run it.  There is a chance that some pending lock requests will be skipped, but these lock requests will eventually time out.  For applications with small numbers of concurrent transactions, timeouts will frequently occur, and the application throughput will be very small.

    The solution to the retry race is to use a group retry algorithm.  All threads run through the retry logic.  Sequence numbers are used to group retries into batches such that one transaction can run the retry logic on behalf of several transactions.  This amortizes the retry cost.  The sequence numbers also ensure that when a transaction releases its locks, all of the pending lock requests that it is blocking are retried.

    3. Implement a mechanism to find and kill a pending lock request

    Tags lock requests with a client id, use the client id as a key into the pending lock requests sets to find a lock request, complete the lock request with a lock timeout error.

    Copyright (c) 2016, Rich Prohaska
    All rights reserved.

    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

MDEV-10377: innodb.innodb_blob_truncate fails in buildbot: Failing assertion: page_type == 34354 || page_type == 37401 || page_type == 17855 || page_type == 2 || page_type == 3 || ...

Page type FIL_PAGE_TYPE_ZBLOB2 was missing from assertion.

Added more columns to stabilice the test case.

When we enter here wait_lock could be already gone i.e. NULL, that
should be allowed.

Building AWS C++ SDK as external project needs CMake 2.8.12
Centos7  out of the box has 2.8.11, thus the build fails.

Fixed check for required CMake version.

This occured when the SQL thread (but not the IO thread) stops while
GTID and parallel replication are used with multiple domain ids in the
GTID position, and is restarted.

In this case, the SQL needs to start some way back in the relay log,
applying or skipping events within each replication domain as
appropriate.

The SQL threads starts at the beginning of an old relay log file, and
this position may be in the middle of an event group. The bug was that
such partial event group could be re-applied, causing replication
corruption.

This patch fixes the issue, by making sure to skip any initial events
that were part of an earlier (already applied) event group.