MDEV-13997 Change Item_bool_rowready_func2 to cache const items at fix time rather than evaluation time

Side effect: the second debug Note in cache_temporal_4265.result disappeared.

Before this change:
- During JOIN::cache_const_exprs(),
  Item::get_cache() for Item_date_add_interval() was called.
  The data type for date_add('2001-01-01',interval 5 day) is VARCHAR,
  because the first argument is VARCHAR (not temporal).
  Item_get_cache() created Item_cache_str('2001-01-06').
- During evaluate_join_record(), get_datetime_value() was called,
  which called Item::get_date() for Item_cache_str('2001-01-06').
  This gave the second Note. Then, get_datetime_value() created
  a new cache, now Item_cache_temporal for '2001-01-06', so not
  further str_to_datetime() happened.

After this change:
- During tem_bool_rowready_func2::fix_length_and_dec(),
  Arg_comparator::set_cmp_func_datetime() is called,
  which immediately creates an instance of Item_cache_date for
  the result of date_add('2001-01-01',interval 5 day).
  So later no str_to_datetime happens any more,
  neither during JOIN::cache_const_exprs(),
  nor during evaluate_join_record().

Using "this" instead of "thd->sphead" in sp_rcontext::set_variable_row_field()

This happens when doing NEXT VALUE for a temporary table
Fixed by giving ER_NOT_SEQUENCE when trying to use normal temporary table with
sequence functions
Signed-off-by: Monty <monty@mariadb.org>

This happened when trying to do delete a sequence hidden by a temporary
table.
Fixed by ignoring non-sequence temporary tables when trying to drop
sequences.
Signed-off-by: Monty <monty@mariadb.org>

Added also suppression of openssl warnings from valgrind

Fixes two issues:
- Update assert in open_and_process_tables to handle sequences
- Removed not needed and conflicting mdl_context.release_transactional_locks
  in sql_sequence.cc. The MDL lock is released at end of
  mysql_execute_command().
Signed-off-by: Monty <monty@mariadb.org>

CREATE TABLE ... sequence=0 and sequence=DEFAULT created sequence tables
when they should not.
Signed-off-by: Monty <monty@mariadb.org>

This happened when trying to PARTITION a SEQUENCE table
Problem was that wrong function was used to get engine name
Signed-off-by: Monty <monty@mariadb.org>

Fixing mysql_execute_command() and store_schema_proc() not to use
stored object type codes TYPE_ENUM_PROCEDURE and TYPE_ENUM_FUNCTION.
Using pointers to Sp_handler instead, to make the code symmetric across
existing (function,procedure) and future (e.g package) SP object types.

The problem was that the code in replication didn't distinguish between a
setval() failing because the stored sequence number was bigger than the
current (should have been ignored) and a failure from the storage engine.

- Renaming sp_rcontext::sp to sp_rcontext:m_sp for consistency
  with other sp_rcontext_members, and for consistency with the
  same purpose member Item_sp_variable::m_sp.

- Passing a "const sp_head*" pointer to sp_rcontext::sp_rcontext()
  and to sp_rcontext::create().
  Initializing sp_rcontext::m_sp right in the constructor
  instead of having a separate initialization after "new sp_rcontext"
  or sp_rcontext::create().

- Adding the "const" qualifier to sp_rcontext::m_sp and Item_sp_variable::m_sp

Reason:
- avoid huge functions
- sp_acquire_routine() will be reused for Oracle-style packages soon

MySQL 5.7 added code to push down the LIMIT to fulltext search
in InnoDB:

commit 2cd0ebf97e1b265e2282d7ceb5d8dfb663ffc48f
Author: Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani <thirunarayanan.balathandayuth@oracle.com>
Date:   Fri May 27 13:49:28 2016 +0530

    Bug #22709692   FTS QUERY EXCEEDS RESULT CACHE LIMIT

The code was disabled when MySQL 5.7.9 was merged to MariaDB 10.2.2.

We shall remove the disabled code and unnecessary variables.

fil_mutex_enter_and_prepare_for_io(): Reacquire fil_system->mutex after
failing to close a file and before retrying.

This was a false alarm in a debug check that was introduced in
commit 48192f96 which was a
10.2 code refactoring in preparation for
MDEV-11369 (instant ADD COLUMN) in 10.3.2. The code refactoring
only affected debug builds.

InnoDB B-tree record locks are only supposed to exist on leaf page
records. An assertion failed, because the debug function lock_validate()
was invoking lock_rec_block_validate() on a page for which there were
no locks set in the record lock bitmap. This could happen on a page split.
Especially when the index size grows from a single page to multiple pages,
the root page would transform from a leaf node into an internal node,
and its record lock bitmap would be emptied.

lock_validate(): Skip empty lock bitmaps.

There is no call to os_thread_join(), so we should detach the thread
handles in order to avoid any resource leaks.

Problem was that we could take page latches on different
order than wat is entitled with SX-lock. To follow the
latching order defined in WL#6326, acquire index->lock X-latch.
This entitles us to acquire page latches in any order for the index.

btr0btr.cc
	Document latch rules before and after MariaDB 10.2.2

sync0rw.cc
	Document latch compatibility rules better.

btr_defragment_merge_pages
	Fix parameter value.

btr_defragment_thread
	Acquire X-lock to dict_index_t::lock before restoring
	cursor position and continuing defragmentation.

ha_innobase::optimize
	Restore defragment feature.

Testing
	Add GIS-index and FT-index to table being defragmented.

	Defragmentation is not done to GIS-indexes and FT auxiliary
	tables.

A reference to a CTE may occur not in the master of the CTE
specification. In this case if the reference to the CTE is
the first one the specification should be detached from its
master and attached to the referencing select.

Also fixed the TYPE column in the lines of the EXPLAIN output
created for CTE tables.

rdb_sst_info.cc must be compiled with RTTI

Changing Field::set_default from void to int.
It now uses the same return value notation with Field::store*()
and Item::save_in_field().

in 10.1 innodb was basically ignoring virtual columns. In particular,
information about them was not stored in system tables. To make 10.1
table usable in 10.2 it needs to be rebuilt to have virtual colunm
metadata properly recreated.

See also a followup:
MDEV-14046 Allow ALGORITHM=INPLACE for 10.1 tables that contain virtual columns

fil_ibd_create(): commit b731a5bc
introduced a variable that was unused outside Windows. Use it
on all platforms.

btr_store_big_rec_extern_fields(): Remove the unused parameter 'upd'
that was added in https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server/commit/ce0a1e85e24e48b8171f767b44330d
and merged to MariaDB 10.2.2
in commit 2e814d47.

    is_bulk_op())' failed upon altering table with geometry field.

        Tests added.

                    is_bulk_op())' failed upon altering table with geometry field.

        Check for the validity of the DEFAULT value for the
        geometry field.

This fixes some truncation warnings on Win64

Reapply a MySQL 5.6.23/5.7.10 Oracle Bug#20029625 fix that was inadvertently reverted in MariaDB 10.2.2

The fix https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server/commit/716f97e2714e70f35d2dc01f0125ed833c62b408
was inadvertently reverted in
commit 2e814d47
"Merge InnoDB 5.7 from mysql-5.7.9".

Reapply the fix, because the test of the bug would fail
after merging MDEV-13838, which replaced an earlier incorrect
bug fix with a correct one.

Added cstdlib librabry to rdb_datadic.h

of WSREP_TO_ISOLATION_BEGIN.

Mariabackup 10.2.7 would delete the redo log files after a successful
--prepare operation. If the user is manually copying the prepared files
instead of using the --copy-back option, it could happen that some old
redo log file would be preserved in the restored location. These old
redo log files could cause corruption of the restored data files when
the server is started up.

We prevent this scenario by creating a "poisoned" redo log file
ib_logfile0 at the end of the --prepare step. The poisoning consists
of simply truncating the file to an empty file. InnoDB will refuse
to start up on an empty redo log file.

copy_back(): Delete all redo log files in the target if the source
file ib_logfile0 is empty. (Previously we did this if the source
file is missing.)

SRV_OPERATION_RESTORE_EXPORT: A new variant of SRV_OPERATION_RESTORE
when the --export option is specified. In this mode, we will keep
deleting all redo log files, instead of truncating the first one.

delete_log_files(): Add a parameter for the first file to delete,
to be passed as 0 or 1.

innobase_start_or_create_for_mysql(): In mariabackup --prepare,
tolerate an empty ib_logfile0 file. Otherwise, require the first
redo log file to be longer than 4 blocks (2048 bytes). Unless
--export was specified, truncate the first log file at the
end of --prepare.