MDEV-21329 InnoDB: Failing assertion: lock->lock_word.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == X_LOCK_DECR upon server shutdown

Problem is that dropping of fts table and sync of fts table
happens concurrently during fts optimize thread shutdown.
fts_optimize_remove_table() is executed by a user thread that
performs DDL, and that the fts_optimize_wq may be removed if
fts_optimize_shutdown() has started executing.

fts_optimize_remove_table() doesn't remove the table from the queue
and it leads to above scenario. While removing the table from
fts_optimize_wq, if the table can't be removed then wait till
fts_optimize_thread shuts down.

Reviewed-by: Marko Mäkelä

This bug could manifest itself for a query with WHERE condition containing
top level OR formula such that each conjunct contained a single-range
condition supported by the same index. One of these range conditions must
be fully covered by another range condition that is used later in the OR
formula. Additionally at least one of these condition should be ANDed with
a sargable range condition supported by a different index.

There were several attempts to fix related problems for OR conditions after
the backport of range optimizer code from MySQL (commit
0e19f3e3). Unfortunately the first of these
fixes contained typo remained unnoticed until recently. This typo bug led
to rejection of valid range accesses. This patch fixed this typo bug.
The fix revealed another two bugs: one in a constructor for SEL_ARG,
the other in the function tree_or(). Both are fixed in this patch.

This regression for debug builds was introduced by
MDEV-23101 (commit 224c9504).

Due to MDEV-16664, the parameter
innodb_lock_schedule_algorithm=VATS
is not enabled by default.

The purpose of the added assertions was to enforce the invariant that
Galera replication cannot be enabled together with VATS due to MDEV-12837.
However, upon closer inspection, it is obvious that the variable 'lock'
may be assigned to the null pointer if no match is found in the
previous->hash list.

lock_grant_and_move_on_page(), lock_grant_and_move_on_rec():
Assert !lock->trx->is_wsrep() only after ensuring that lock
is not a null pointer.

1. rr record -h randomizes number of processors. Disable THREAD_POOL_SIZE check.

2. check for kernel.perf_event_paranoid for user-friendly error message.

MDEV-18163 Assertion `table_share->tmp_table != NO_TMP_TABLE || m_lock_type != 2' failed in handler::ha_rnd_next(); / Assertion `table_list->table' failed in find_field_in_table_ref / ERROR 1901 (on optimized builds)

Add the same check for altering DEFAULT used as for CREATE TABLE.

Remove from debian build:
* tokudb
* mroonga
* spider
* ograph
* embedded server

Add ccache to debian build.

Backport 10.3 changes to autobake-deb
that make travis faster.

Merge instructions:
Drop this commit on merge to 10.3

MDEV-23894 UBSAN: several call to function show_binlog_vars(THD*, st_mysql_show_var*, char*) through pointer to incorrect function type 'int (*)(THD *, st_mysql_show_var *, void *, system_status_var *, enum_var_type) errors

MDEV-18593 : galera.galera_gcache_recover_full_gcache: Test failure: galera_gcache_recover_full_gcache.test: assert_grep.inc failed

Grep only the fact that we need to fall back to SST.

In MDEV-21452, SAFE_MUTEX flagged an ordering problem that involved
trx_t::mutex, LOCK_global_system_variables, and LOCK_commit_ordered
when running
./mtr --no-reorder\
 binlog.binlog_checksum,mix binlog.binlog_commit_wait,mix

Because LOCK_commit_ordered is acquired by replication code before
innobase_commit_ordered() is invoked, and because LOCK_commit_ordered
should be below LOCK_global_system_variables in the global latching
order, it turns out that we must avoid acquiring
LOCK_global_system_variables in any low-level code.

It also turns out that lock_rec_lock() acquires lock_sys_t::mutex
and then carries on to call lock_rec_enqueue_waiting(), which may
invoke THDVAR() via thd_lock_wait_timeout(). This call is problematic
if THDVAR() had never been invoked in that thread earlier.

innobase_trx_init(): Let us invoke THDVAR() at the start of an InnoDB
transaction so that future invocations of THDVAR() will avoid
LOCK_global_system_variables acquisition on the same THD. Because
the first call to intern_sys_var_ptr() will initialize all session
variables by not passing the offset to sync_dynamic_session_variables(),
this will indeed make any future THDVAR() invocation mutex-free.

There are some THDVAR() calls in other code (related to indexed virtual
columns, fulltext indexes, and DDL operations). No SAFE_MUTEX warning
was known for those, but there does not appear to be any replication
test coverage for indexed virtual columns or fulltext indexes. DDL should
be covered, and perhaps DDL code paths were already invoking THDVAR()
while not holding any InnoDB mutex.

Side note: MySQL should avoid this type of deadlocks since
mysql/mysql-server@4d275c89954685e2ed1b368812b3b5a29ddf9389.
MariaDB never defined alloc_and_copy_thd_dynamic_variables(),
because we prefer to avoid overhead during connection creation.

An important part of the deadlock could be the current handling of
SET GLOBAL binlog_checksum=NONE; and similar assignments.
In binlog_checksum_update(), we would hold LOCK_global_system_variables
while potentially acquiring LOCK_commit_ordered in MYSQL_BIN_LOG::open().
Even if that code was changed later to release
LOCK_global_system_variables during the write to mysql_bin_log,
it could be a good idea for performance to avoid invoking the
expensive code path of THDVAR() while holding any InnoDB mutexes,
such as lock_sys.mutex in lock_rec_enqueue_waiting().

Thanks to Andrei Elkin for debugging the SAFE_MUTEX issue, and to
Sergei Golubchik for the suggestion to invoke THDVAR() early.

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   mysql-test/suite/sys_vars/r/wsrep_cluster_address_basic.result
	modified:   mysql-test/suite/sys_vars/t/wsrep_cluster_address_basic.test

The setting innodb_lock_schedule_algorithm=VATS that was introduced
in MDEV-11039 (commit 021212b5)
causes conflicting exclusive locks to be incorrectly granted to
two transactions. Specifically, in lock_rec_insert_by_trx_age()
the predicate !lock_rec_has_to_wait_in_queue(in_lock) would hold even
though an active transaction is already holding an exclusive lock.
This was observed between two DELETE of the same clustered index record.
The HASH_DELETE invocation in lock_rec_enqueue_waiting() may be related.

Due to lack of progress in diagnosing the problem, we will deprecate the
option and issue a warning that using it may corrupt data. The unsafe
option was enabled between
commit 0c15d1a6 (MariaDB 10.2.3)
and the parent of
commit 1cc1d042 (MariaDB 10.2.17, 10.3.9).

SYNC_REC_LOCK was never used in the public history of InnoDB,
starting with commit 132e667b.

Amend check for unread client data in threadpool.

THD::NET will have unread data, in case client uses compression, and
wraps multiple commands into  a single compression packet

MariaDB C/C sends COM_STMT_RESET+COM_STMT_EXECUTE, and wraps it into
a single compressed packet, when compression is on, thus trying to use
compression and prepared statements against a threadpool-enabled server
will result into a hang, before this patch.

The orphan declaration was added in MySQL 5.6.2
mysql/mysql-server@2915417e026ef9fdd8e36df17938409ccc157d86
and MariaDB commit 1d0f70c2.

The unused fts_t::bg_threads was added in
mysql/mysql-server@4b1049625c00dbfcd9d7a11ad12a84695ab747e3.

Any usage of fts_t::bg_threads_mutex was removed in
mysql/mysql-server@33c2404b397e1077daaf0ef0ff9edba445430f5f.

In fts_optimize_remove_table(), InnoDB tries to access the
fts_optimize_wq after shutting down the fts optimize thread.
This issue caused by the commit a41d4297.
Fix should check for fts optimize thread shutdown state
before checking fts_optimize_wq.

This has been unused from the very beginning
(mysql/mysql-server@d5e512ae7e37cd1f70c44a3f12205d70b13118ab).

ibuf_merge_or_delete_for_page(): Do not attempt to invoke
ibuf_delete_recs() on a page of the change buffer itself.
The caller could already be holding ibuf->index->lock,
and an attempt to acquire it in S mode would hang the release server
or cause an assertion failure in rw_lock_s_lock_func() in a debug
server.

This problem was reproducible on 1 out of 2 runs of the following:
./mtr --no-reorder \
innodb.innodb-page_compression_default \
innodb.innodb-page_compression_snappy \
innodb.innodb-page_compression_zip \
innodb.innodb_wl6326_big innodb.xa_recovery

This was missed in commit 2c252ba9
(MySQL 5.5.42, MariaDB 5.5.42).

Fix typo.

MDEV-22277 LeakSanitizer: detected memory leaks in mem_heap_create_block_func after attempt to create foreign key

- During online DDL, prepare phase error handler fails to remove
the memory allocated for newly created foreign keys.

This will update galera_3nodes/disabled.def.

MDEV-22330: mysqlbinlog stops with an error Don't know how to handle column type: 255 meta: 4 (0004)

Analysis:
========
"mysqlbinlog -v" option will reconstruct row events and display them as
commented SQL statements. If this option is given twice, the output includes
comments to indicate column data types and some metadata.
`log_event_print_value` is the function reponsible for printing values and
their types. This function doesn't handle GEOMETRY type. Hence the above error
gets printed.

Fix:
===
Add support for GEOMETRY datatype.

The original code was correct. mysql_upgrade calls the mysql client to
talk with MariaDB. It doesn't call itself!

Appoligies, had a dirty branch before pushing:

This reverts commit 053653a2.

This reverts commit 0ff89780.

This reverts commit 85b08597.

This reverts commit f3f45e46.

This reverts commit a470b357.

This reverts commit f8b8d202.

This reverts commit 6b6f066f.

This reverts commit a701e9e6.

This reverts commit c1698386.

Leave debian/additions/mysqlreport as #!/usr/bin/perl

Acknowledge that `env perl` is a hack, a complete fix
needs to consider which path perl is at and insert into
these scripts.

The usefulness of these scripts is questionable.

Passing a null pointer to a nonnull argument is not only undefined
behaviour, but it also grants the compiler the permission to optimize
away further checks whether the pointer is null. GCC -O2 at least
starting with version 8 may do that, potentially causing SIGSEGV.

Shifting a 16-bit type by 16 bits is undefined behaviour.
The result is at least 32 bits, so let us cast the shift operand
to a wider type before shifting.