Fix for backport into mysql-5.1-rep+2

mysql-test/suite/rpl/r/rpl_stop_middle_group.result:
  the new result file
mysql-test/suite/rpl/t/rpl_stop_middle_group.test:
  renamed from rpl_row_stop_middle_update and added a regression test for bug#45940.

The issue appears when number of heartbeat events non-zero before start of test
block. But really we need to check that no new events has received during test block.
So I did following:
1. Replace absolute values by diff of values
2. Increase heartbeat period from 1.5 to 5 sec

It is backport patch.
This adds new test case for testing affects of some variables to replication.

On sparc, semisync master/slave status is always showed as OFF, this
is fixed by change rpl_semisync_master/slave_status variables from
long to char.

plugin/semisync/semisync_master.cc:
  Change rpl_semisync_master_status variables from long to char
plugin/semisync/semisync_master.h:
  Change rpl_semisync_master_status variables from long to char
plugin/semisync/semisync_slave.cc:
  Change rpl_semisync_slave_status variables from long to char
plugin/semisync/semisync_slave.h:
  Change rpl_semisync_slave_status variables from long to char

This is backport for next-mr.

The patch adds new test cases that cover replication heartbeat testing.

fixing tests results: rpl_ndb_log, rpl_ndb_multi, sp_trans_log; adding replicate-ignore_server_ids specific tests

mysql-test/mysql-test-run.pl:
  Set SEMISYNC_PLUGIN_OPT to '--plugin-dir=' when semi-sync plugins are not found

binlog_tmp_table
rpl_row_sp006_InnoDB
rpl_slave_status

According to Jon's comment, add (at least one of) to the error message.

CHANGE MASTER TO command required the value for RELAY_LOG_FILE to
be an absolute path, which was different from the requirement of
MASTER_LOG_FILE.

This patch fixed the problem by changing the value for RELAY_LOG_FILE
to be the basename of the log file as that for MASTER_LOG_FILE.

Options loaded from config files were added before command line
arguments, and they were parsed together, which could interprete
the following:
option-a
option-b
as --option-a=--option-b if 'option-a' requires a value, and 
caused confusing.

Because all options that requires a value are always given in
the form '--option=value', so it's an error if there is no 
'=value' part for such an option read from config file.

This patch added a separator to separate the arguments from 
config files and that from command line, so that they can be
handled differently. And report an error for options loaded
from config files that requires a value and is not given in the
form '--option=value'.

There were two memory leaks in mysqlbinlog command, one was already
fixed by previous patches, another one was that defaults_argv was
set to the value of argv after parse_args, in which called
handle_options after calling load_defaults and changed the value
of argv, and caused the memory allocated for defaults arguments
not freed.

Fixed the problem by setting defaults_argv right after calling
load_defaults.

There are three internal status for slave I/O thread, both
MYSQL_SLAVE_RUN_NOT_CONNECT and MYSQL_SLAVE_NOT_RUN are reported
as 'No' for Slave_IO_running of command SHOW SLAVE STATUS.

Change MYSQL_SLAVE_RUN_NOT_CONNECT to be reported as 'Connecting'.

When a storage engine failed to initialize before allocated slot number,
the slot number would be 0, and when later finalizing this plugin, it would
accidentally unplug the storage engine currently uses slot 0.

This patch fixed this problem by add a new macro value HA_SLOT_UNDEF to
distinguish undefined slot number from slot 0.

Fix mtr semisync plugin option paths

wait_until_disconnected.inc.

NOTE: Backporting the patch to next-mr.
      
The slave was crashing while failing to execute the init_slave() function.
      
The issue stems from two different reasons:
      
1 - A failure while allocating the master info structure generated a
    segfault due to a NULL pointer.
      
2 - A failure while recovering generated a segfault due to a non-initialized
    relay log file. In other words, the mi->init and rli->init were both set to true
    before executing the recovery process thus creating an inconsistent state as the
    relay log file was not initialized.
      
To circumvent such problems, we refactored the recovery process which is now executed
while initializing the relay log. It is ensured that the master info structure is
created before accessing it and any error is propagated thus avoiding to set mi->init
and rli->init to true when for instance the relay log is not initialized or the relay
info is not flushed.
      
The changes related to the refactory are described below:
      
1 - Removed call to init_recovery from init_slave.
      
2 - Changed the signature of the function init_recovery.
      
3 - Removed flushes. They are called while initializing the relay log and master
    info.
      
4 - Made sure that if the relay info is not flushed the mi-init and rli-init are not
    set to true.
      
In this patch, we also replaced the exit(1) in the fault injection by DBUG_ABORT()
to make it compliant with the code guidelines.

rpl_slave_skip fails randomly on PB2. This patch fixes the failure by
setting explicit wait for SQL thread to stop, instead of the 
wait_for_slave_to_stop mysqltest command, after a start until command 
is executed.

This is a temporary fix.

NOTE: Backporting the patch to next-mr.

NOTE: Backporting the patch to next-mr.

NOTE: Backporting the patch to next-mr.
      
The fix proposed in BUG#35542 and BUG#31665 introduces a performance issue
when fsyncing the master.info, relay.info and relay-log.bin* after #th events.
Although such solution has been proposed to reduce the probability of corrupted
files due to a slave-crash, the performance penalty introduced by it has
made the approach impractical for highly intensive workloads.
      
In a nutshell, the option --syn-relay-log proposed in BUG#35542 and BUG#31665
simultaneously fsyncs master.info, relay-log.info and relay-log.bin* and
this is the main source of performance issues.
      
This patch introduces new options that give more control to the user on
what should be fsynced and how often:
      
   1) (--sync-master-info, integer) which syncs the master.info after #th event;
   2) (--sync-relay-log, integer) which syncs the relay-log.bin* after #th
   events.
   3) (--sync-relay-log-info, integer) which syncs the relay.info after #th
   transactions.
      
   To provide both performance and increased reliability, we recommend the following
   setup:
      
   1) --sync-master-info = 0 eventually the operating system will fsync it;
   2) --sync-relay-log = 0 eventually the operating system will fsync it;
   3) --sync-relay-log-info = 1 fsyncs it after every transaction;
      
Notice, that the previous setup does not reduce the probability of
corrupted master.info and relay-log.bin*. To overcome the issue, this patch also
introduces a recovery mechanism that right after restart throws away relay-log.bin*
retrieved from a master and updates the master.info based on the relay.info:
      
      
   4) (--relay-log-recovery, boolean) which enables a recovery mechanism that
   throws away relay-log.bin* after a crash.
      
However, it can only recover the incorrect binlog file and position in master.info,
if other informations (host, port password, etc) are corrupted or incorrect,
then this recovery mechanism will fail to work.

BUG#31665 sync_binlog should cause relay logs to be synchronized

NOTE: Backporting the patch to next-mr.
      
Add sync_relay_log option to server, this option works for relay log 
the same as option sync_binlog for binlog. This option also synchronize
master info to disk when set to non-zero value.
            
Original patches from Sinisa and Mark, with some modifications

          vs not null

NOTE: Backporting the patch to next-mr.
                        
The replication was generating corrupted data, warning messages on Valgrind
and aborting on debug mode while replicating a "null" to "not null" field.
Specifically the unpack_row routine, was considering the slave's table
definition and trying to retrieve a field value, where there was nothing to be
retrieved, ignoring the fact that the value was defined as "null" by the master.
                        
To fix the problem, we proceed as follows:
                        
1 - If it is not STRICT sql_mode, implicit default values are used, regardless
if it is multi-row or single-row statement.
                        
2 - However, if it is STRICT mode, then a we do what follows:
                        
2.1 If it is a transactional engine, we do a rollback on the first NULL that is
to be set into a NOT NULL column and return an error.
                        
2.2 If it is a non-transactional engine and it is the first row to be inserted
with multi-row, we also return the error. Otherwise, we proceed with the
execution, use implicit default values and print out warning messages.
                  
Unfortunately, the current patch cannot mimic the behavior showed by the master
for updates on multi-tables and multi-row inserts. This happens because such
statements are unfolded in different row events. For instance, considering the
following updates and strict mode:
                  
(master)
create table t1 (a int);
create table t2 (a int not null);
insert into t1 values (1);
insert into t2 values (2);
update t1, t2 SET t1.a=10, t2.a=NULL;
                  
t1 would have (10) and t2 would have (0) as this would be handled as a
multi-row update. On the other hand, if we had the following updates:
                  
(master)
create table t1 (a int);
create table t2 (a int);
                  
(slave)
create table t1 (a int);
create table t2 (a int not null);
                  
(master)
insert into t1 values (1);
insert into t2 values (2);
update t1, t2 SET t1.a=10, t2.a=NULL;
                  
On the master t1 would have (10) and t2 would have (NULL). On
the slave, t1 would have (10) but the update on t1 would fail.

logging is disabled
      
NOTE: this is the backport to next-mr.
            
If one sets binlog-format but does NOT enable binary log, server
refuses to start up. The following messages appears in the error log:
            
090217 12:47:14 [ERROR] You need to use --log-bin to make
--binlog-format work.  
090217 12:47:14 [ERROR] Aborting
            
This patch addresses this by making the server not to bail out if the
binlog-format is set without the log-bin option. Additionally, the
specified binlog-format is stored, in the global system variable
"binlog_format", and a warning is printed instead of an error.

beyond unsigned long.
BUG#44779: binlog.binlog_max_extension may be causing failure on 
next test in PB
      
NOTE1: this is the backport to next-mr.
NOTE2: already includes patch for BUG#44779.
      
Binlog file extensions would turn into negative numbers once the
variable used to hold the value reached maximum for signed
long. Consequently, incrementing value to the next (negative) number
would lead to .000000 extension, causing the server to fail.
                  
This patch addresses this issue by not allowing negative extensions
and by returning an error on find_uniq_filename, when the limit is
reached. Additionally, warnings are printed to the error log when the
limit is approaching. FLUSH LOGS will also report warnings to the
user, if the extension number has reached the limit. The limit has been
set to 0x7FFFFFFF as the maximum.

mysql-test/suite/binlog/t/binlog_max_extension.test:
  Test case added that checks the maximum available number for
  binlog extensions.
sql/log.cc:
  Changes to find_uniq_filename and test_if_number.
sql/log.h:
  Added macros with values for MAX_LOG_UNIQUE_FN_EXT and
  LOG_WARN_UNIQUE_FN_EXT_LEFT, as suggested in review.

STATUS'
      
NOTE: this is the backport to next-mr.
            
SHOW SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Slave_running' command believes that
if active_mi->slave_running != 0, then io thread is running normally.
But it isn't so in fact. When some errors happen to make io thread
try to reconnect master, then it will become transitional status
(MYSQL_SLAVE_RUN_NOT_CONNECT == 1), which also doesn't equal 0.
Yet, "SHOW SLAVE STATUS" believes that only if
active_mi->slave_running == MYSQL_SLAVE_RUN_CONNECT, then io thread is running.
So "SHOW SLAVE STATUS" can get the correct result.
            
            
Fixed to make SHOW SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Slave_running' command have the same
check condition with "SHOW SLAVE STATUS". It only believe that the io thread
is running when active_mi->slave_running == MYSQL_SLAVE_RUN_CONNECT.

              
NOTE: this is the backport to next-mr.
                
This patch addresses the bug reported by checking wether 
host argument is an empty string or not. If empty, an error is
reported to the client, otherwise continue normally.
                       
This commit is based on the originally proposed patch and adds 
a test case as requested during review as well as refines comments, 
and makes test case result file less verbose (compared to previous patch).