This test does not work in embedded and I cannot see an obvious way of fixing that. The test not running in embedded is not the end of the world here.

Problem:
Under terms of MDEV-27490, we'll update Unicode version used
to compare identifiers to 14.0.0. Unlike in the old Unicode version,
in the new version a string can grow during lower-case. We cannot
perform check_db_name() inplace any more.

Change summary:

- Allocate memory to store lower-cased identifiers in memory root

- Removing check_db_name() performing both in-place lower-casing and validation
  at the same time. Splitting it into two separate stages:
  * creating a memory-root lower-cased copy of an identifier
    (using new MEM_ROOT functions and Query_arena wrapper methods)
  * performing validation on a constant string
    (using Lex_ident_fs methods)

Implementation details:

- Adding a mysys helper function to allocate lower-cased strings on MEM_ROOT:

    lex_string_casedn_root()

  and a Query_arena wrappers for it:

    make_ident_casedn()
    make_ident_opt_casedn()

- Adding a Query_arena method to perform both MEM_ROOT lower-casing and
  database name validation at the same time:

    to_ident_db_internal_with_error()

  This method is very close to the old (pre-11.3) check_db_name(),
  but performs lower-casing to a newly allocated MEM_ROOT
  memory (instead of performing lower-casing the original string in-place).

- Adding a Table_ident method which additionally handles derived table names:

    to_ident_db_internal_with_error()

- Removing the old check_db_name()

(Review input addressed)
(Added handling of UPDATE/DELETE and partitioning w/o index)

If the properties of the used collation allow, do the following
equivalent rewrites:

1. UPPER(key_col)=expr  ->  key_col=expr
   expr=UPPER(key_col)  ->  expr=key_col
   (also rewrite both sides of the equality at the same time)

2. UPPER(key_col) IN (constant-list)  -> key_col IN (constant-list)

- Mark utf8mb{3,4}_general_ci as collations that allow this.
- Add optimizer_switch='sargable_casefold=ON' to control this.
  (ON by default in this patch)
- Cover the rewrite in Optimizer Trace, rewrite name is
  "sargable_casefold_removal".

- Moving get_canonical_filename() from a public function to a method in handler.
- Adding a helper method is_canonical_filename() to handler.
- Adding helper methods left(), substr(), starts_with() to Lex_cstring.
- Adding helper methods is_sane(), buffer_overlaps(),
  max_data_size() to CharBuffer.
- Adding append_casedn() to CharBuffer. It implements the main functionality
  that replaces the being removed my_casedn_str() call.
- Adding a class Table_path_buffer,
  a descendant of CharBuffer with size FN_REFLEN.
- Changing get_canonical_filename() to get a pointer to Table_path_buffer
  instead just a pointer to char.
- Changing the data type of the "path" parameter and the return type of
  get_canonical_filename() from char* to Lex_cstring.

1. "mariabackup --innobackupex" now prints a new warning:
       '--innobackupex' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release

2. "mariabackup --innobackupex" does not print this wrong warning any more:
        --innobackupex: Deprecated program name.
          It will be removed in a future release,
          use '/path/to/mariadb-backup' instead

MDEV-31231: Remove JavaWrappers.jar from mariadb-test-data and create new mariadb-plugin-connect-jdbc package

- Jar file created
```bash
$ find .|grep JdbcInterface
./storage/connect/connect_jars/JdbcInterface.jar
```
- Debian package created
```bash
$ dpkg -c mariadb-plugin-connect-jdbc_11.2.0+maria~ubu2004_amd64.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2023-05-16 09:50 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2023-05-16 09:50 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2023-05-16 09:50 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2023-05-16 09:50 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2023-05-16 09:50 ./usr/share/doc/mariadb-plugin-connect-jdbc/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       253 2023-05-16 09:50 ./usr/share/doc/mariadb-plugin-connect-jdbc/changelog.gz
-rw-r--r-- root/root      2502 2023-05-09 15:14 ./usr/share/doc/mariadb-plugin-connect-jdbc/copyright
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2023-05-16 09:50 ./usr/share/mariadb/
-rw-r--r-- root/root      7538 2023-05-16 09:50 ./usr/share/mariadb/JdbcInterface.jar
```

- Tested on RPM
```
$ ls -la|grep connect
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  2633772 May 23 11:27 MariaDB-connect-engine-11.2.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  3430040 May 23 11:27 MariaDB-connect-engine-debuginfo-11.2.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--  1 root root     9872 May 23 11:27 MariaDB-connect-engine-jdbc-11.2.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--  1 root root       36 May 23 11:21 install_manifest_connect-engine-jdbc.txt
-rw-r--r--  1 root root      123 May 23 11:21 install_manifest_connect-engine.txt
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 May 23 11:21 install_manifest_connect-engineSymlinks.txt

$ rpm -qlp MariaDB-connect-engine-jdbc-11.2.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
/usr/share/mariadb
/usr/share/mariadb/JdbcInterface.jar

$ for o in --conflicts --enhances --obsoletes --provides --recommends --requires --suggests --supplements ; do echo opt $o; rpm -q $o /home/dan/repos/build-mariadb-server-11.2/MariaDB-connect-engine-jdbc-11.2.0-1.fc38.x86_64.rpm; done
opt --conflicts
opt --enhances
opt --obsoletes
opt --provides
MariaDB-connect-engine-jdbc = 11.2.0-1.fc38
MariaDB-connect-engine-jdbc(x86-64) = 11.2.0-1.fc38
opt --recommends
MariaDB-connect-engine
mariadb-java-client
mysql-connector-java
postgresql-jdbc
opt --requires
java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless
rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1
rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1
rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
rpmlib(PayloadIsZstd) <= 5.4.18-1
opt --suggests
opt --supplements
```

Closes PR #1890  (MDEV-26218)

Reviewer: <daniel@mariadb.org>

Also fixes MDEV-32025 Crashes in MDL_key::mdl_key_init with lower-case-table-names=2

Change overview:
- In changes made in MDEV-31948, MDEV-31982 the code path
  which originaly worked only in case of lower-case-table-names==1
  also started to work in case of lower-case-table-names==2 in a mistake.

  Restoring the original check_db_name() compatible behavior
  (but without re-using check_db_name() itself).
- MDEV-31978 erroneously added a wrong DBUG_ASSERT. Removing.

Details:

- In mysql_change_db() the database name should be lower-cased only
  in case of lower_case_table_names==1. It should not be lower-cased
  for lower_case_table_names==2. The problem was caused by MDEV-31948.
  The new code version restored the pre-MDEV-31948 behavior, which
  used check_db_name() behavior.

- Passing lower_case_table_names==1 instead of just lower_case_table_names
  to the "casedn" parameter to DBNameBuffer constructor in sql_parse.cc
  The database name should not be lower-cased for lower_case_table_names==2.
  This restores pre-MDEV-31982 behavioir which used check_db_name() here.

- Adding a new data type Lex_ident_db_normalized, it stores database
  names which are both checked and normalized to lower case
  in case lower_case_table_names==1 and lower_case_table_names==2.

- Changing the data type for the "db" parameter to Lex_ident_db_normalized in
  lock_schema_name(), lock_db_routines(), find_db_tables_and_rm_known_files().

  This is to avoid incorrectly passing a non-normalized name in the future.

- Restoring the database name normalization in mysql_create_db_internal()
  and mysql_rm_db_internal() before calling lock_schema_name().
  The problem was caused MDEV-31982.

- Adding database name normalization in mysql_alter_db_internal()
  and mysql_upgrade_db(). This fixes MDEV-32026.

- Removing a wrong assert in Create_sp_func::create_with_db() was incorrect:

    DBUG_ASSERT(Lex_ident_fs(*db).ok_for_lower_case_names());

  The database name comes to here checked, but not normalized
  to lower case with lower-case-table-names=2.
  The assert was erroneously added by MDEV-31978.

- Recording lowercase_tables2.results and lowercase_tables4.results
  according to
    MDEV-29446 Change SHOW CREATE TABLE to display default collations
  These tests are skipped on buildbot on all platforms, so this change
  was forgotten in the patch for MDEV-29446.

Replacing my_casedn_str() called on local char[] buffer variables
to CharBuffer::copy_casedn() calls.

This is a sub-task for MDEV-31531 Remove my_casedn_str()

Details:
- Adding a helper template class IdentBuffer (a CharBuffer descendant),
  which assumes utf8 data. Like CharBuffer, it's initialized to an empty
  string in the constructor, but can be populated with lower-cased data
  later.

- Adding a helper template class IdentBufferCasedn, which initializes
  to lower case right in the constructor.

- Removing char[] buffers, replacing them to IdentBuffer and IdentBufferCasedn.

- Changing the data type of "db" and "table" parameters from
  "const char*" to LEX_CSTRING in the following functions:

    find_field_in_table_ref()
    insert_fields()
    set_thd_db()
    mysql_grant()

  to reuse IdentBuffer easeir.

There are two functions to extract a Field::val_str() value
as a LEX_STRING or LEX_CSTRING pointing to the data allocated on a MEM_ROOT:

  char *get_field(MEM_ROOT *mem, Field *field);
  bool get_field(MEM_ROOT *mem, Field *field, class String *res);

The first function requires strlen() calls to make a LEX_CSTRING/LEX_STRING.
The second function requires a redundant String buffer,
which is used only as a temporary proxy value pointing to a MEM_ROOT fragment
(and does not use any String dynamic allocation methods).

This patch add a native way to extract a Field::val_str() value
as a LEX_STRING or LEX_CSTRING pointing to a MEM_ROOT fragment.
It helps to remove redundant strlen() calls and redundant String buffers.

- Adding a new method:

    LEX_STRING Field::val_lex_string_strmake(MEM_ROOT *mem);

- Reusing the new method Field::val_lex_string_strmake() in;

    bool get_field(MEM_ROOT *mem, Field *field, String *res);

  Also, moving it from table.cc to a static function in sql_help.cc.
  It is used in sql_help.cc only, and we don't want it to be reused
  in other parts of the code (to avoid redundant String buffers).

- Reusing the new method Field::val_lex_string_strmake() in this function:

    char *get_field(MEM_ROOT *mem, Field *field);

- Replacing get_field() to Field::val_lex_string_strmake() in these files:

    sql_plugin.cc  (redundant String buffers were removed)
    sql_udf.cc     (redundant strlen() calls were removed)

Note, this function:

   char *get_field(MEM_ROOT *mem, Field *field);

is still used in a number of files:

   event_data_objects.cc
   event_db_repository.cc
   sql_acl.cc
   sql_servers.cc

These remaining calls will be removed by separate patches,
and get_field() will be removed after that.

There was one more place with my_casedn_str() in append_identifier() context
in TABLE_LIST::print() forgotten in the main patch for MDEV-32002.
Reusing append_identifier_opt_casedn() in this code.

- Adding a helper function append_identifier_opt_casedn()

- Reusing it in:

    Item_ident::print()
    Item_func_nextval::print()
    Item_func_setval::print()

This change remove six my_casedn_str() calls and reduces the code size.

- Adding automatic conversion operator from LEX_STRING to LEX_CSTRING
  Now a LEX_STRING can be passed directly to any function expecting
  a LEX_CSTRING parameter passed by value or by reference.
- Removing a number of duplicate methods accepting LEX_STRING.
  Now the code used the LEX_CSTRING version.

- Moving some of Database_qualidied_name methods into a new class
  Identifier_chain2.

- Changing the data type of the following variables from
  Database_qualified_name to Identifier_chain2:

  * q_pkg_proc in LEX::call_statement_start()
  * q_pkg_func in LEX::make_item_func_call_generic()

Rationale:

The data type of Database_qualified_name::m_db will be changed
to Lex_ident_db soon. So Database_qualified_name won't be able
to store the `pkg.routine` part of `db.pkg.routine` any more,
because `pkg` must not depend on lower-case-table-names.

- Changing the data type of the global variable any_db from
  LEX_CSTRING to Lex_ident_db

- Removing the dependency on system_charset_info from
  Lex_ident_fs::check_body(), using my_charset_utf8mb3_general_ci directly,
  because system_charset_info is initialized much later than any_db.
  system_charset_info cannot be changed dynamically any way.

- Removing the unsed old code from Lex_ident_fs::check_body().
  This code was last used in MySQL-4.0 and won't be used in the future.

- Replacing the old style inplace check_db_name() in make_table_name_list()
  to the new style non-modifying code
- Adding "const" qualifier to the "db" parameter to ha_discover_table_names()
  and its dependency functions.

- Adding a new class Lex_ident_db, to store normalized database names:
  lower-cased if lower-case-table-name says so,
  and checked to be a valid database name using Lex_ident_fs::check_db_name()

- Reusing the new class in parameters to functions:
    prepare_db_action()
    mysql_create_db()
    mysql_alter_db()
    mysql_rm_db()
    mysql_upgrade_db()

This change removed two old-style check_db_name() calls.

- Changing the global function ok_for_lower_case_names()
  into a method in class Lex_ident_fs.

- Changing a few functions/methods to get the database name
  as a "const LEX_CSTRING" instead of a "const char *".
  All these functions/methods use ok_for_lower_case_names()
  inside. This change helps to avoid new strlen() calls, and also
  removes a few old strlen() calls.

The function normalize_db_name() fully repeated the functionality
of the class DBNameBuffer. This patch  removes normalize_db_name()
and replaces it to a DBNameBuffer based code.

Changing LEX_CSTRING* parameters of LEX::make_sp_name() to Lex_ident_sys_st.

This makes the code clear because a value of Lex_ident_sys_st has
some guaranteed additional constraints over a base LEX_CSTRING:

- Its LEX_CSTRING::str is not NULL (sql_yacc.yy would abort otherwise)
- Its LEX_CSTRING::str is 0-terminated
- Its a valid utf8 string
- The string pointed by LEX_CSTRING::str was created on THD::mem_root

Also changing "pass by pointer" to "pass by reference",
as these parameters can never be NULL - they are Bison stack variables.

- Adding a class Lex_ident_fs, to store identifiers for on-disk
  database objects, such as databases, tables, triggers.

- Moving the validation code from check_db_name()
  to non-modifying methods in Lex_ident_fs:

    Lex_ident_fs::check_body()
    Lex_ident_fs::check_db_name()

  Adding a new method Lex_ident_fs::check_db_name_with_error(),
  which performs validation and raises an error on validation failure.

  Unlike the old function check_db_name(), the new class Lex_ident_fs
  does not lower-case the identifier during the validation.
  Lower-casing must be done before calling Lex_ident_fs validation methods.

- Adding a low level helper template class CharBuffer which can:
  * store exact or lower-cased strings with a short fixed maximum length
  * return the value as a LEX_CSTRING efficiently

- Adding a helper template class DBNameBuffer (deriving from CharBuffer), to
  allocate optionally lower-cased database identifiers on stack when relevant.
  Useful for temporary values which don't need to be allocated on MEM_ROOT.

- Using DBNameBuffer in mysql_change_db()

- Using DBNameBuffer in show_create_db()

- Renaming the parameter `check_for_path_char` to a more
  self-descriptive `disallow_path_chars`
- Renaming the variable `name_length` in check_table_name()
  to a more self-descriptive `char_length`.
- Fix the `while` loop in check_table_name() into a
  `for` loop and replace multiple {{char_length++}}
  (the former {{name_length++}}) statements to a signle increment
  statement in the `for` loop header.

MariaRocks is currently lagging behind the main branch of the RocksDB engine. This commit brings MariaRocks up to date with the latest release of RocksDB by backporting changes from Facebook’s MyRocks. These changes include API updates, bug fixes, and improvements for compatibility with RocksDB v8.1.1. Some system variables and metadata tables are modified to reflect the internal changes in RocksDB.

Additionally, this commit backports improved and more stable test cases from Facebook’s MyRocks, including tests for the write_unprepared isolation level of RocksDB. It also reverts workarounds for MDEV-29875 and MDEV-31057 and adds support for the latest compilation options.

The default value of the following system variables are changed:
* rocksdb_stats_level: 1 (kExceptHistogramOrTimers)
* rocksdb_wal_recovery_mode: 2 (kPointInTimeRecovery)

The following system variables are added:
* rocksdb_cancel_manual_compactions
* rocksdb_enable_iterate_bounds
* rocksdb_enable_pipelined_write
* rocksdb_enable_remove_orphaned_dropped_cfs
* rocksdb_manual_compaction_bottommost_level
* rocksdb_max_background_compactions
* rocksdb_max_background_flushes
* rocksdb_max_bottom_pri_background_compactions
* rocksdb_skip_locks_if_skip_unique_check
* rocksdb_track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest
* rocksdb_write_batch_flush_threshold

The following system variables are deprecated:
* rocksdb_hash_index_allow_collision
* rocksdb_new_table_reader_for_compaction_inputs

The following dynamic metadata table is added:
* INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROCKSDB_LIVE_FILES_METADATA

The following status variables are added:
* rocksdb_manual_compactions_cancelled
* rocksdb_manual_compactions_pending

The following status variables are removed:
* rocksdb_block_cache_filter_bytes_evict
* rocksdb_block_cache_index_bytes_evict
* rocksdb_block_cachecompressed_hit
* rocksdb_block_cachecompressed_miss
* rocksdb_no_file_closes
* rocksdb_num_iterators
* rocksdb_number_deletes_filtered
* rocksdb_write_timedout

Add LOCK_ALTER_TABE_COPY bit to old_mode. Disables online copy by default,
but still allows to force it with explicit lock=none

... upon replicating online ALTER

When an online event is applied and slave_exec_mode is idempotent,
Write_rows_log_event::do_before_row_operations had reset
thd->lex->sql_command to SQLCOM_REPLACE.

This led to that a statement was detected as a row-type during binlogging,
and was logged as not standalone.

So the corresponding Gtid_log_event, when applied on replica, did not exit
early and created a new PSI transaction. Hence the difference with
non-online ALTER.

Pack these fields together:
event_owns_temp_buf
cache_type
slave_exec_mode
checksum_alg

Make them bitfields to fit a single 2-byte hole.

This saves 24 bytes per event.

SLAVE_EXEC_MODE_LAST_BIT is rewritten as

> SLAVE_EXEC_MODE_LAST= SLAVE_EXEC_MODE_IDEMPOTENT

to avoid a false-positive -Wbitfield-enum-conversion warning:
Bit-field 'slave_exec_mode' is not wide enough to store all enumerators of
'enum_slave_exec_mode'.

Replica honors its own binlog_row_image value when it sets up read_set.
When a slave thread is applying replicated row events in parallel with the
running online alter, we need all columns to be read from the table
(for the online alter logged row event) not only those that were present in
the pre-image for the replicated row event.

Avoid shrinking the set when online alter is running, i.e. leave it all set

s3 is read-only. No need to update to a read-only engine with LOCK=NONE.

Forbid Online for CONNECT.

Adding an auto_increment column online leads to an undefined behavior.
Basically any DEFAULTs that depend on a row order in the table, or on
the non-deterministic (in scope of the ALTER TABLE statement) function
is UB.

For example, NOW() is considered generally non-deterministic
(Item_func_now_utc is marked with VCOL_NON_DETERMINISTIC), but it's fixed
in scope of a single statement.

Same for any other function that depends only on the session/status vars
apart from its arguments.

Only two UB cases are known:
* adding new AUTO_INCREMENT column. Modifying the existing column may be
fine under certain circumstances, see MDEV-31058.
* adding new column with DEFAULT(nextval(...)). Modifying the existing
column is possible, since its value will be always present in the online
event, except for the NULL -> NOT NULL modification

Add a new virtual function that will increase the inserted rows count
for the insert log event and decrease it for the delete event.

Reuses Rows_log_event::m_row_count on the replication side, which was only
set on the logging side.

Forbid online for sequences. It doesn't work now and sequence tables are
always only one row, so not worth the extra complexity.

The deadlock was caused by too strong MDL acquired by the start ALTER.

Replica's ALTER TABLE replication consists of two phases:
1. Start ALTER (SA) -- the event is emittd in the very beginning,
allowing replication start ALTER in parallel
2. Commit ALTER (CA) -- ensures that master finishes successfully

CA is normally received by wait_for_master call.
If parallel DML was run, the following sequence will take place:

|- SA
|- DML
|- CA

If CA is handled after MDL upgrade, it'll will deadlock with DML.

While MDL is shared by the start ALTER wait for its 2nd part
to allow concurrent DMLs to grab the lock.

The fix uses wait_for_master reentrancy -- no need to avoid a second call
in the end of mysql_alter_table.

Since SA and CA are marked with FL_DDL, the DML issued in-between cannot be
rescheduled before or after them. However, SA "commits" (by he call of
write_bin_log_start_alter and, subsequently,
thd->wakeup_subsequent_commits) before the copy stage begins, unlocking
the DMLs to run on this table. That is, these DMLs will be executed
concurrently with the copy stage, making Online alter effective on replicas
as well

Co-authored-by: Nikita Malyavin (nikitamalyavin@gmail.com)

Make binlog_prepare_row_images accept image type as an argument.