When trying to output stacktrace, and addr2line is not installed, the
child process forked by start_addr2line_fork() will fail to do exec(),
and finish with exit(1).

There is a problem with exit() though - it runs exit handlers,
and for the forked copy of crashing process, it is a bad idea.

In 10.5+ code for example, exit handlers include
tpool::task_group static destructors, and it will hang infinitely
waiting for completion of the outstanding tasks.

The fix is to use _exit() instead, which skips the execution of exit
handlers

/usr/ports/pobj/mariadb-10.9.3/mariadb-10.9.3/mysys/my_lock.c:183:7: warning: incompatible function pointer types assigning to 'sig_return' (aka 'void (*)(void)') from 'void (*)(int)' [-Wincompatible-function-pointer-types]
      ALARM_INIT;
      ^~~~~~~~~~
/usr/ports/pobj/mariadb-10.9.3/mariadb-10.9.3/include/my_alarm.h:43:16: note: expanded from macro 'ALARM_INIT'
                        alarm_signal=signal(SIGALRM,my_set_alarm_variable);
                                    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/ports/pobj/mariadb-10.9.3/mariadb-10.9.3/mysys/my_lock.c:189:7: warning: incompatible function pointer types passing 'sig_return' (aka 'void (*)(void)') to parameter of type 'void (*)(int)' [-Wincompatible-function-pointer-types]
      ALARM_END;
      ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/ports/pobj/mariadb-10.9.3/mariadb-10.9.3/include/my_alarm.h:44:41: note: expanded from macro 'ALARM_END'
                                              ^~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/sys/signal.h:199:27: note: passing argument to parameter here
void    (*signal(int, void (*)(int)))(int);
                             ^
2 warnings generated.

The prototype is the same for all of the *BSD's.

void
(*signal(int sigcatch, void (*func)(int sigraised)))(int);

Per the code my_set_max_open_files 3 lines earlier, we attempt
to set the nofile (number of open files), rlimit to max_open_files.

We should use this in the warning because wanted_files may not
be the number.

Fix a couple of build warnings that fire with CONNECT engine.

More checks for bad geometry data added.

return an error on invalid gis data

remove useless if()

with C/C.
The patch introduces mariadb_capi_rename.h which is included into
mysql.h. The hew header contains macro definitions for the names being
renamed. In versions 10.6+(i.e. where sql service exists) the renaming
condition in the mariadb_capi_rename.h should be added with
&& !defined(MYSQL_DYNAMIC_PLUGIN)
and look like
The patch also contains removal of mysql.h from the api check.

Disabling false_duper-6543 test for embedded.

ha_federated.so uses C API. C API functions are being renamed in the server,
but not renamed in embedded, since embedded server library should have proper
C API, as expected by programs using it.
Thus the same ha_federated.so cannot work both for server and embedded
server library.

As all federated tests are already disabled for embedded,
federated isn't supposed to work for embedded anyway, and thus the test
is being disabled.

Abort startup, if SSL setup fails.
Also, for the server always check that certificate matches private key
(even if ssl_cert is not set, OpenSSL will try to use default one)

Read the version of the view share when we read definition to prevent
simultaniouse access to a view table SHARE (and so its MEM_ROOT)
from different threads.

MDEV-16549 Server crashes in Item_field::fix_fields on query with view and subquery, Assertion `context' failed, Assertion `field' failed

Add one-table-resolve context for items created with an aim of switching
to temporary table because then it can be cloned in push-down-condition.

The problem was fixed earlier. Adding an MTR test only.

GRANT ROLE can update db-level privileges -> must invalidate acl_cache

* to "clear hostname cache" one needs to use hostname_cache->clear()
* no need to clear acl_cache for SET DEFAULT ROLE

storage/connect/libdoc.cpp:603:17: error: 'void xmlXPathInit()' is deprecated [-Werror=deprecated-declarations]

on Linux this pthread_attr_setstacksize() fails with EINVAL
"The stack size is less than PTHREAD_STACK_MIN (16384) bytes".

But on FreeBSD it succeeds and causes a crash later, as 8196 is too little.

Let's keep the stack at its default size in the timer thread.

(and for 64-bit big endian)

OpenSSL handles memory management using **OPENSSL_xxx** API[^1]. For
allocation, there is `OPENSSL_malloc`. To free it, `OPENSSL_free` should
be called.

We've been lucky that OPENSSL (and wolfSSL)'s implementation allowed the
usage of `free` for memory cleanup. However, other OpenSSL forks, such
as AWS-LC[^2], is not this forgiving. It will cause a server crash.

Test case `openssl_1` provides good coverage for this issue. If a user
is created using:
`grant select on test.* to user1@localhost require SUBJECT "...";`
user1 will crash the instance during connection under AWS-LC.

There have been numerous OpenSSL forks[^3]. Due to FIPS[^4] and other
related regulatory requirements, MariaDB will be built using them. This
fix will increase MariaDB's adaptability by using more compliant and
generally accepted API.

All new code of the whole pull request, including one or several files
that are either new files or modified ones, are contributed under the
BSD-new license. I am contributing on behalf of my employer Amazon Web
Services, Inc.

[^1]: https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.1/man3/OPENSSL_malloc.html
[^2]: https://github.com/awslabs/aws-lc
[^3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSSL#Forks
[^4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIPS_140-2

st_select_lex::init_query is called in the exectuion of EXECUTE
IMMEDIATE 'alter table ...'. so reset the initialization at the
same point we set join= 0.

and also MDEV-25564, MDEV-18157.

Attempt to produce EXPLAIN output caused a crash in
Explain_node::print_explain_for_children. The cause of this was that an
Explain_node (actually a derived) had a link to child select#N, but
there was no query plan present for select#N.

The query plan wasn't present because the subquery was eliminated.
- Either it was a degenerate subquery like "(SELECT 1)" in MDEV-25564.
- Or it was a subquery in a UNION subquery's ORDER BY clause:
   col IN (SELECT ... UNION
           SELECT ... ORDER BY (SELECT FROM t1))

In such cases, legacy code structure in subquery/union processing code(*)
makes it hard to detect that the subquery was eliminated, so we end up
with EXPLAIN data structures (Explain_node::children) having dangling
links to child subqueries.
Do make the checks and don't follow the dangling links.

(In ideal world, we should not have these dangling links. But fixing
the code (*) would have high risk for the stable versions).

Reviewer: andrew@mariadb.org

InnoDB fails to fetch FTS_DOC_ID if the select query uses secondary
index. So always do extra lookup on clustered index in case of fts
query

Add a test related to the Encrypted Key File by following instructions in kb example
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/file-key-management-encryption-plugin/#creating-the-key-file

Reviewed by Daniel Black (with minor formatting and re-org of duplicate
close(f) calls).

Disallow subqueries in The PARTITIN BY INTERVAL syntax.
Fix various interval types that now fail as they break syntax in the par
file.

This reverts commit cee7175b.

The population of default values in INSERT SELECT was being
performed twice. With sequences, this resulted in every
second sequence value being used.

With SELECT INSERT we remove the second invokation of
table->update_default_fields(). This was already performed
in store_values() invoking fill_record_n_invoke_before_triggers()
which invoked update_default_fields() previously.

We do need to return an error on duplicate values, so the
::store_values is extended to take the ignore option.

=========== Problem =============
- `show columns` is not working for temporary tables, even though there
is enough privilege `create temporary tables`.
=========== Solution =============
- Append `TMP_TABLE_ACLS` privilege when running `show columns` for temp
tables.
- Additionally `check_access()` for database only once, not for each
field
=========== Additionally =============
- Update comments for function `check_table_access` arguments

Reviewed by: <vicentiu@mariadb.org>

For some queries that involve tables with different but convertible
character sets for columns taking part in the query, repeatable
execution of such queries in PS mode or as part of a stored routine
would result in server abnormal termination.

For example,
  CREATE TABLE t1 (a2 varchar(10));
  CREATE TABLE t2 (u1 varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8);
  CREATE TABLE t3 (u2 varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8);
  PREPARE stmt FROM
    "SELECT t1.* FROM (t1 JOIN t2 ON (t2.u1 = t1.a2))
     WHERE (EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM t3 WHERE t3.u2 = t1.a2))";

  EXECUTE stmt;
  EXECUTE stmt; <== Running this prepared statement the second time
                    results in server crash.

The reason of server crash is that an instance of the class
Item_func_conv_charset, that created for conversion of a column
from one character set to another, is allocated on execution
memory root but pointer to this instance is stored in an item
placed on prepared statement memory root. Below is calls trace to
the place where an instance of the class Item_func_conv_charset
is created.

setup_conds
 Item_func::fix_fields
  Item_bool_rowready_func2::fix_length_and_dec
   Item_func::setup_args_and_comparator
    Item_func_or_sum::agg_arg_charsets_for_comparison
     Item_func_or_sum::agg_arg_charsets
      Item_func_or_sum::agg_item_set_converter
       Item::safe_charset_converter

And the following trace shows the place where a pointer to
the instance of the class Item_func_conv_charset is passed
to the class Item_func_eq, that is created on a memory root of
the prepared statement.

Prepared_statement::execute
 mysql_execute_command
  execute_sqlcom_select
   handle_select
    mysql_select
     JOIN::optimize
      JOIN::optimize_inner
       convert_join_subqueries_to_semijoins
        convert_subq_to_sj

To fix the issue, switch to the Prepared Statement memory root
before calling the method Item_func::setup_args_and_comparator
in order to place any created Items on permanent memory root.
It may seem that such approach would result in a memory
leakage in case the parameter marker '?' is used in the query
as in the following example
  PREPARE stmt FROM
    "SELECT t1.* FROM (t1 JOIN t2 ON (t2.u1 = t1.a2))
     WHERE (EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM t3 WHERE t3.u2 = ?))";
  EXECUTE stmt USING convert('A' using latin1);
but it wouldn't since for such case any of the parameter markers
is treated as a constant and no subquery to semijoin optimization
is performed.

* ODBC Connect cosmetic fixes

- Update command for connection for default `peer` authentication for user
`postgres` (unless changed in `pg_hba.conf`).
- Update command for privilege to be more verbose.
- Update path for `.sql` file
- Update instructions for `pg_hba.conf` file to use unix socket
(`local`) type as well as TCP/IP type `host`.
- Update instruction about usage of user dsn (data source file) over
system dsn.
- Update path of `odbc-postgresql` driver path in comment

* Connect SE: update ODBC result file