On 64-bit systems, the constant 1 would be 32-bit (int or unsigned)
by default. Cast the constant to ulint before shifting to avoid a
-fsanitize=undefined warning or any potential overflow.

Fix a -fsanitizer=undefined warning that trx_undo_report_row_operation()
was being passed thr=NULL when the BTR_NO_UNDO_LOG_FLAG flag was set.

trx_undo_report_row_operation(): Remove the first two parameters.
The parameter clust_entry!=NULL distinguishes inserts from updates.

This should be a non-functional change (no observable change in
behaviour; slightly smaller code).

Allocate srv_sys statically so that the desired alignment can be
guaranteed. This silences -fsanitize=undefined warnings.
There probably is no performance impact of this, because the
reason for the alignment to ensure the absence of false sharing
between counters. Even with the misalignment, each counter would
have been been aligned at 64 bits, and the counters would reside
in separate cache lines.

The parameter thr of the function btr_cur_optimistic_insert()
is not declared as nonnull, but GCC 7.1.0 with -O3 is wrongly
optimizing away the first part of the condition
UNIV_UNLIKELY(thr && thr_get_trx(thr)->fake_changes)
when the function is being called by row_merge_insert_index_tuples()
with thr==NULL.

The fake_changes is an XtraDB addition. This GCC bug only appears
to have an impact on XtraDB, not InnoDB.

We work around the problem by not attempting to dereference thr
when both BTR_NO_LOCKING_FLAG and BTR_NO_UNDO_LOG_FLAG are set
in the flags. Probably BTR_NO_LOCKING_FLAG alone should suffice.

btr_cur_optimistic_insert(), btr_cur_pessimistic_insert(),
btr_cur_pessimistic_update(): Correct comments that disagree with
usage and with nonnull attributes. No other parameter than thr can
actually be NULL.

row_ins_duplicate_error_in_clust(): Remove an unused parameter.

innobase_is_fake_change(): Unused function; remove.

ibuf_insert_low(), row_log_table_apply(), row_log_apply(),
row_undo_mod_clust_low():
Because we will be passing BTR_NO_LOCKING_FLAG | BTR_NO_UNDO_LOG_FLAG
in the flags, the trx->fake_changes flag will be treated as false,
which is the right thing to do at these low-level operations
(change buffer merge, ALTER TABLE…LOCK=NONE, or ROLLBACK).
This might be fixing actual XtraDB bugs.

Other callers that pass these two flags are also passing thr=NULL,
implying fake_changes=false. (Some callers in ROLLBACK are passing
BTR_NO_LOCKING_FLAG and a nonnull thr. In these callers, fake_changes
better be false, to avoid corruption.)

The parameter path can be passed as NULL.
This error was reported by GCC 7.1.0 when compiling
CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug with -O3.

The macro UT_LIST_INIT() zero-initializes the UT_LIST_NODE.
There is no need to call this macro on a buffer that has
already been zero-initialized by mem_zalloc() or mem_heap_zalloc()
or similar.

For some reason, the statement UT_LIST_INIT(srv_sys->tasks) in
srv_init() caused a SIGSEGV on server startup when compiling with
GCC 7.1.0 for AMD64 using -O3. The zero-initialization was attempted
by the instruction movaps %xmm0,0x50(%rax), while the proper offset
of srv_sys->tasks would seem to have been 0x48.

Do not silence uncertain cases, or fix any bugs.

The only functional change should be that ha_federated::extra()
is not calling DBUG_PRINT to report an unhandled case for
HA_EXTRA_PREPARE_FOR_DROP.

Translate "multi:" to SPH_GROUPBY_MULTIPLE.
SPH_GROUPBY_ATTRPAIR is still not supported.

Don't use instal_jar() from Use_Java.cmake -
at least in CentOS 7 (cmake 2.8.12.2) it doesn't yet support
the COMPONENT option.

remove dead code: this "return rc" could've never happened,
because reset_stmt_handle can only possibly fail if RESET_SERVER
flag is used.

But this "return rc" was confusing, it was under DBUG_ENTER (while
not being DBUG_RETURN) and it was skipping required stmt cleanup
at the end of the function.

CSV engine didn't expect CSM files to be read-only

remove useless checks
and a couple of others

bunch of bugs when external_lock() fails on unlock:
* mi_lock_database() used mi_mark_crashed() under share->intern_lock,
  but mi_mark_crashed() itself locks this mutex.
* handler::close() required table to be unlocked, but failed
  external_lock didn't count as unlock
* mysql_unlock_tables() ignored all unlock errors, but they still set
  the error status in stmt_da.

post-review fixes
* move pcre-specific variable out of mysys
* don't use current_thd
* move a commonly used macro to my_sys.h
* remove new sysvar

It was possible to construct a PCRE expression that exceeded the stack.
resulting in a crash:

With fix:

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT 1
    -> FROM dual
    -> WHERE ('Alpha,Bravo,Charlie,Delta,Echo,Foxtrot,StrataCentral,Golf,Hotel,India,Juliet,Kilo,Lima,Mike,StrataL3,November,Oscar,StrataL2,Sand,P3,P4SwitchTest,Arsys,Poppa,ExtensionMgr,Arp,Quebec,Romeo,StrataApiV2,PtReyes,Sierra,SandAcl,Arrow,Artools,BridgeTest,Tango,SandT,PAlaska,Namespace,Agent,Qos,PatchPanel,ProjectReport,Ark,Gimp,Agent,SliceAgent,Arnet,Bgp,Ale,Tommy,Central,AsicPktTestLib,Hsc,SandL3,Abuild,Pca9555,Standby,ControllerDut,CalSys,SandLib,Sb820,PointV2,BfnLib,Evpn,BfnSdk,Sflow,ManagementActive,AutoTest,GatedTest,Bgp,Sand,xinetd,BfnAgentLib,bf-utils,Hello,BfnState,Eos,Artest,Qos,Scd,ThermoMgr,Uniform,EosUtils,Eb,FanController,Central,BfnL3,BfnL2,tcp_wrappers,Victor,Environment,Route,Failover,Whiskey,Xray,Gimp,BfnFixed,Strata,SoCal,XApi,Msrp,XpProfile,tcpdump,PatchPanel,ArosTest,FhTest,Arbus,XpAcl,MacConc,XpApi,telnet,QosTest,Alpha2,BfnVlan,Stp,VxlanControllerTest,MplsAgent,Bravo2,Lanz,BfnMbb,Intf,XCtrl,Unicast,SandTunnel,L3Unicast,Ipsec,MplsTest,Rsvp,EthIntf,StageMgr,Sol,MplsUtils,Nat,Ira,P4NamespaceDut,Counters,Charlie2,Aqlc,Mlag,Power,OpenFlow,Lag,RestApi,BfdTest,strongs,Sfa,CEosUtils,Adt746,MaintenanceMode,MlagDut,EosImage,IpEth,MultiProtocol,Launcher,Max3179,Snmp,Acl,IpEthTest,PhyEee,bf-syslibs,tacc,XpL2,p4-ar-switch,p4-bf-switch,LdpTest,BfnPhy,Mirroring,Phy6,Ptp'
    ->
    -> REGEXP '^((?!\b(Strata|StrataApi|StrataApiV2)\b).)*$');
Empty set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show warnings;
+---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Level   | Code | Message                                                 |
+---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1139 | Got error 'pcre_exec: Internal error (-21)' from regexp |
+---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+

Given the OK macro used in innodb does a DBUG_RETURN(1) on expression failure
the innodb implementation has a number of errors in i_s.cc.

We introduce a new macro BREAK_IF that replaces some use of the OK macro.
Also, do some other cleanup detailed below.

When invoking Field::store() on integers, always pass the parameter
is_unsigned=true to avoid an unnecessary conversion to double.

i_s_fts_deleted_generic_fill(), i_s_fts_config_fill():
Use the BREAK_IF macro instead of OK.

i_s_fts_index_cache_fill_one_index(), i_s_fts_index_table_fill_one_index():
Add a parameter for conv_string, and let the caller allocate that buffer.

i_s_fts_index_cache_fill(): Check the return status of
i_s_fts_index_cache_fill_one_index().

i_s_fts_index_table_fill(): Check the return status of
i_s_fts_index_table_fill_one_index().

i_s_fts_index_table_fill_one_fetch(): Always let the caller invoke
i_s_fts_index_table_free_one_fetch().

i_s_innodb_buffer_page_fill(), i_s_innodb_buf_page_lru_fill():
Do release dict_sys->mutex if filling the buffers fails.

i_s_innodb_buf_page_lru_fill(): Also display the value
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE.PAGE_IO_FIX='IO_PIN'
when a block is in that state. Remove the unnecessary variable 'heap'.

simple_counter::add(): Add a type cast to the os_atomic_increment_ulint()
call, because GCC would check the type compatibility even when the code
branch is not being instantiated (atomic=false). On Solaris,
os_atomic_increment_ulint() actually needs a compatible parameter type,
and an error would be emitted due to an incompatible 64-bit type,
for srv_stats.n_lock_wait_time.add(diff_time).

There is a race condition related to the variable
srv_stats.n_lock_wait_current_count, which is only
incremented and decremented by the function lock_wait_suspend_thread(),

The incrementing is protected by lock_sys->wait_mutex, but the
decrementing does not appear to be protected by anything.
This mismatch could allow the counter to be corrupted when a
transactional InnoDB table or record lock wait is terminating
roughly at the same time with the start of a wait on a
(possibly different) lock.

ib_counter_t: Remove some unused methods. Prevent instantiation for N=1.
Add an inc() method that takes a slot index as a parameter.

single_indexer_t: Remove.

simple_counter<typename Type, bool atomic=false>: A new counter wrapper.
Optionally use atomic memory operations for modifying the counter.
Aligned to the cache line size.

lsn_ctr_1_t, ulint_ctr_1_t, int64_ctr_1_t: Define as simple_counter<Type>.
These counters are either only incremented (and we do not care about
losing some increment operations), or the increment/decrement operations
are protected by some mutex.

srv_stats_t::os_log_pending_writes: Document that the number is protected
by log_sys->mutex.

srv_stats_t::n_lock_wait_current_count: Use simple_counter<ulint, true>,
that is, atomic inc() and dec() operations.

lock_wait_suspend_thread(): Release the mutexes before incrementing
the counters. Avoid acquiring the lock mutex if the lock wait has
already been resolved. Atomically increment and decrement
srv_stats.n_lock_wait_current_count.

row_insert_for_mysql(), row_update_for_mysql(),
row_update_cascade_for_mysql(): Use the inc() method with the trx->id
as the slot index. This is a non-functional change, just using
inc() instead of add(1).

buf_LRU_get_free_block(): Replace the method add(index, n) with inc().
There is no slot index in the simple_counter.

Problem was two race condtion in Aria page cache:
- find_block() didn't inform free_block() that it had released requests
- free_block() didn't handle pinned blocks, which could happen if
  free_block() was called as part of flush. This is fixed by not freeing
  blocks that are pinned.  This is safe as when maria_close() is called
  when last thread is using a table, there can be no pinned blocks. For
  other flush calls it's safe to ignore pinned blocks.

- Changed to 'strict'
- Fixed scope of variables
- Made timing smaller for of repair, check, flush and alter to get them to
  trigger earlier

In MariaDB Server before 10.2, InnoDB will not be shut down properly
if startup fails. So, Valgrind failures are to be expected.
Disable the test under Valgrind. In 10.2, it should pass with Valgrind.

This patch corrects the fix for the bug mdev-10693.
It is critical for the function get_best_combination() not to call
create_ref_for_key() for constant tables.
This bug could manifest itself only in multi-table subqueries where
one of the tables is accessed by a constant primary key.

otherwise make didn't know it needs to regenerate lex_hash.h
when gen_lex_hash (that is sql_yacc.h, that is sql_yacc.yy) changes.

/home/travis/build/MariaDB/server/extra/mysqld_safe_helper.c:62:21: warning: too many arguments in call to 'do_usage'
    do_usage(argv[0]);
    ~~~~~~~~        ^
1 warning generated.

The code that chooses between materialization of a non-correlated
IN subquery and its transformation into an EXISTS correlated
subquery assumes that the execution plan for the outer select
has been already built. However it was not always so if subqueries
occurred in the expressions used for ref access to tables of
the outer select. A call of the function create_ref_for_key() in
get_best_combination() could trigger a premature execution of
the above mentioned code when the execution plan structures for
the outer select were not fully built. This could cause a crash
of the server.

The fix postpones the calls of create_ref_for_key() until the
structures for the execution plan is fully built.

commit 1198267c331b045b9cad26be72b1a5b4f8930a79
Author: Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani <thirunarayanan.balathandayuth@oracle.com>
Date:   Fri Aug 26 11:00:44 2016 +0530

    Bug #20989615   INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT PRODUCES SAME VALUE TWICE

The code fix is already present.

commit 12343617922cfd9c48ee84ad6ecf53068d822010
Author: Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani <thirunarayanan.balathandayuth@oracle.com>
Date:   Fri Jul 15 14:39:37 2016 +0530

    Bug #23475211   COMBINING ALTER OPERATIONS TRIGGERS TABLE REBUILD

The code fix is already present.

The implementation of the walk method for the class Item_in_subselect
was missing. As a result the method never traversed the left operand
of any IN subquery predicate.

Item_exists_subselect::exists2in_processor() that performs the
Exist-To-In transformation calls the walk method to collect info
on outer references. As the walk method did not traverse the
left operands of the IN subqueries the outer references there
were not taken into account and some subqueries that were actually
correlated were marked as uncorrelated. It could lead to an
attempt of the materialization of such a subquery.

Also added a cleanup for some test cases merged from 5.5.