MDEV-13685 Can not replay binary log due to Illegal mix of collations (latin1_swedish_ci,IMPLICIT) and (utf8mb4_general_ci,COERCIBLE) for operation 'concat'

- the probably ultimate fix for dependencies on VS
- remove some GET_TARGET_PROPERTY(LOCATION ...), they are deprecated in
cmake 3.9
- simplify signing targets on Windows.
- remove INSTALL_DEBUG_TARGET, we do not mix binaries from different builds
in the same package

recv_reset_logs(): Initialize the redo log buffer, so that no data
from the old redo log can be written to the new redo log.

This bug has very little impact before MariaDB 10.2. The
innodb_log_encrypt option that was introduced in MariaDB 10.1
increases the impact. If the redo log used to be encrypted, and
it is being resized and encryption disabled, then previously
encrypted data could end up being written to the new redo log
in clear text. This resulted in encryption.innodb_encrypt_log
test failures in MariaDB 10.2.

The SEARCH_ABORT logic was not working as intended
(tests were not being aborted).

In XtraDB, buf_block_get_frame() can return NULL, and this value
can be passed to buf_page_print(). Do not declare the parameter
as nonnull.

buf_page_print(): Remove the parameter 'flags',
and when a server abort is intended, perform that in the caller.

In this way, page corruption reports due to different reasons
can be distinguished better.

This is non-functional code refactoring that does not fix any
page corruption issues. The change is only made to avoid falsely
grouping together unrelated causes of page corruption.

A new $MYSQLD_LAST_CMD evaluation was too late in case --manual-gdb.
Now it is done before the server restart type branches which is safe
and the args value has been fully computed by the new point of
evaluation.

This is a backport of the following:

MDEV-13009 10.1.24 does not compile on architectures without 64-bit atomics

Add a missing #include "sync0types.h" that was removed in MDEV-12674.

metadata_lock_info_duration[]: Remove the unused variable.

Add some comments /* fall through */ to silence -Wimplicit-fallthrough

char* parameter is expected by the message ER_KEY_COLUMN_DOES_NOT_EXITS,
thus pass char*, rather than LEX_STRING.

ERROR_FILE_SYSTEM_LIMITATION was seen by support when backing up large
file. However mariabackup error message was not very helpful,
since it mapped the error to generic catch-all EINVAL.

With the patch, ERROR_FILE_SYSTEM_LIMITATION will be mapped to more
appropriate EFBIG. Also add mapping from ERROR_NO_SYSTEM_RESOURCES
to ENOMEM.

This is not affecting correctness; delete NULL is a valid operation.

recv_find_max_checkpoint(): Refer to MariaDB 10.2.2 instead of
MySQL 5.7.9. Do not hint that a binary downgrade might be possible,
because there are many changes in InnoDB 5.7 that could make
downgrade impossible: a column appended to SYS_INDEXES, added
SYS_* tables, undo log format changes, and so on.

Import the MySQL 5.6 addition from innodb.create-index to a new debug-only
test, innodb.create-index-debug. The existing test innodb.create-index
also runs on a debug server.

FIXME: MDEV-13668 InnoDB unnecessarily rebuilds table

FIXME: MDEV-13671 InnoDB should use case-insensitive column name comparisons
like the rest of the server

FIXME: MDEV-13640 / Properly fix MDEV-9469 'Incorrect key file' on ALTER TABLE

FIXME: investigate result difference in innodb.innodb-alter-autoinc
and ensure that MariaDB does the right thing with auto_increment_increment
and auto_increment_offset, for both ALGORITHM=INPLACE and ALGORITHM=COPY
(Oracle MySQL behaviour differs between those two).

Import some ALTER TABLE test cases from MySQL 5.6 without modification.
The adjustments will be in a separate commit.

Assertions failed due to incorrect handling of the --tc-heuristic-recover
option when InnoDB is in read-only mode either due to innodb_read_only=1
or innodb_force_recovery>3. InnoDB failed to refuse a XA COMMIT or
XA ROLLBACK operation, and there were errors in the error handling in
the upper layer.

This was fixed by making InnoDB XA operations respect the
high_level_read_only flag. The InnoDB part of the fix and
parts of the test main.tc_heuristic_recover were provided
by Marko Mäkelä.

LOCK_log mutex lock/unlock had to be added to fix MDEV-13438.
The measure is confirmed by mysql sources as well.

For testing of the conflicting option combination, mysql-test-run is
made to export a new $MYSQLD_LAST_CMD. It holds the very last value
generated by mtr.mysqld_start().  Even though the options have been
also always stored in $mysqld->{'started_opts'} there were no access
to them beyond the automatic server restart by mtr through the expect
file interface.

Effectively therefore $MYSQLD_LAST_CMD represents a more general
interface to $mysqld->{'started_opts'} which can be used in wider
scopes including server launch with incompatible options.

Notice another existing method to restart the server with incompatible
options relying on $MYSQLD_CMD is is aware of $mysqld->{'started_opts'}
(the actual options that the server is launched by mtr). In order to use
this method they would have to be provided manually.

NOTE: When merging to 10.2, the file search_pattern_in_file++.inc
should be replaced with the pre-existing search_pattern_in_file.inc.

- make re-bootstrap run with all extra options, not only InnoDB ones
- re-use previously created bootstrap.sql
- add --console
- fix debian patch to keep it applicable

The function ibuf_remove_free_page() may be called while the caller
is holding several mutexes or rw-locks. Because of this, this
housekeeping loop may cause performance glitches for operations that
involve tables that are stored in the InnoDB system tablespace.
Also deadlocks might be possible.

The worst impact of all is that due to the mutexes being held, calls to
log_free_check() had to be skipped during this housekeeping.
This means that the cyclic InnoDB redo log may be overwritten.
If the system crashes during this, it would be unable to recover.

The entry point to the problematic code is ibuf_free_excess_pages().
It would make sense to call it before acquiring any mutexes or rw-locks,
in any 'pessimistic' operation that involves the system tablespace.

fseg_create_general(), fseg_alloc_free_page_general(): Do not call
ibuf_free_excess_pages() while potentially holding some latches.

ibuf_remove_free_page(): Do call log_free_check(), like every operation
that is about to generate redo log should do.

ibuf_free_excess_pages(): Remove some assertions that are replaced
by stricter assertions in the log_free_check() that is now called by
ibuf_remove_free_page().

row_ins_sec_index_entry(), row_undo_ins_remove_sec_low(),
row_undo_mod_del_mark_or_remove_sec_low(),
row_undo_mod_del_unmark_sec_and_undo_update(): Call
ibuf_free_excess_pages() if the operation may involve allocating pages
and change buffering in the system tablespace.

Its output is useless,and, in case of large output, it also may prevent
with search_pattern_in_file.inc from working.

This is a genuine error, and will crash debug buildd in runtime checks if not fixed.
it is better to fail during compile.

The workaround, an extra cmake calls, somehow makes the
connect/cmake_install.cmake to lose installation of connect-engine's
specific jar files.

When MySQL 5.0.3 introduced InnoDB support for two-phase commit,
it also introduced the questionable logic to roll back XA PREPARE
transactions on startup when innodb_force_recovery is 1 or 2.

Remove this logic in order to avoid unwanted side effects when
innodb_force_recovery is being set for other reasons. That is,
XA PREPARE transactions will always remain in that state until
InnoDB receives an explicit XA ROLLBACK or XA COMMIT request
from the upper layer.

At the time the logic was introduced in MySQL 5.0.3, there already
was a startup parameter that is the preferred way of achieving
the behaviour: --tc-heuristic-recover=ROLLBACK.

Problem was that if column was created in alter table when
it was refered again it was not tried to find from list
of current columns.

mysql_prepare_alter_table:
  There is two cases
    (1) If alter table adds a new column and then later alter
        changes the field definition, there was no check from
	list of new columns, instead an incorrect error was given.
    (2) If alter table adds a new column and then later alter
        changes the default, there was no check from list of
	new columns, instead an incorrect error was given.

also fix innodb

Revert the following change, because Memcached is not present
in MariaDB Server. We had better avoid adding dead code.

commit d9bc5e03d788b958ce8c76e157239953db60adb2
Author: Aakanksha Verma <aakanksha.verma@oracle.com>
Date:   Thu May 18 14:31:01 2017 +0530

    Bug #24605783 MYSQL GOT SIGNAL 6 ASSERTION FAILURE

Includes Percona XtraDB and TokuDB 5.6.36-82.1

We need to pull rpl config files from MySQL before these tests can be
run.