mark freed memory as not accessible, not merely undefined

TRASH was mapped to TRASH_FREE and was supposed to be used for memory
that should not be accessed anymore, while TRASH_ALLOC() is to be
used for uninitialized but to-be-used memory.

But sometimes TRASH() was used in the latter sense.

Remove TRASH() macro, always use explicit TRASH_ALLOC() or TRASH_FREE().

InnoDB limited the maximum number of bytes per character to 4.
But, the filename character set that was introduced in MySQL 5.1
uses up to 5 bytes per character.

To allow InnoDB tables to be created with wider characters, let
us split the mbminmaxlen fields into mbminlen, mbmaxlen, and increase
the limit to 7 bytes per character. This will increase the payload size
of dtype_t and dict_col_t by one bit. The storage size will be unchanged
(54 bits and 77 bits will use the same number of bytes as the
previous sizes 53 and 76 bits).

Resolving a stacktrace including functions in dynamic libraries requires
us to look inside the libraries for the symbols. Addr2line needs to be
started with the correct binary for each address on the stack. To do this,
figure out which library it is using dladdr, then if the addr2line
binary was started with a different binary, fork it again with the
correct one.

We only have one addr2line process running at any point during the
stacktrace resolving step. The maximum number of forks for addr2line should
generally be around 6.

One for server stacktrace code, one for plugin code, one when going back
into server code, one for pthread library, one for libc, one for the
_start function in the server. More can come up if plugin calls server
function which goes back to a plugin, etc.

In this case we were using the optimization derived_with_keys but we could not create a key
because the length of the key was greater than the max allowed(MI_MAX_KEY_LENGTH).
To do the join we needed to create a hash join key instead, but in the explain output it
showed that we were still referring to derived keys which were created but not used.

In the function JOIN::shrink_join_buffers the iteration over joined
tables was organized in a wrong way. This could cause a crash if
the optimizer chose to materialize a semi-join that used join caches
for which the sizes must be adjusted.

Fix WinUIDialogBmp.jpg to use correct dimensions

Use new grey logo.

MEMORY engine needs the record length to be at least sizeof(void*),
because it stores a pointer there (linking deleted records into a list).
So when the reclength is less than sizeof(void*), it's set to sizeof(void*).
That is done inside heap_create(), and the upper layer doesn't know
that the engine writes beyond share->reclength.

While it's usually safe (in-memory record size is rounded up to
sizeof(double), so even if share->reclength is too small,
share->rec_buff_len is not), it could cause problems in the code that
copies records and expects them to fix in share->reclength,
e.g. in partitioning.

* get_rec_bits() was always reading two bytes, even if the
  bit field contained only of one byte
* In various places the code used field->pack_length() bytes
  starting from field->ptr, while it should be field->pack_length_in_rec()
* Field_bit::key_cmp and Field_bit::cmp_max passed field_length as
  an argument to memcmp(), but field_length is the number of bits!

if the property is not found, set it to the empty string,
otherwise it'll show as libmysql_link_flags-NOTFOUND on the linker
command line, and the linker won't like it.

Also, don't specify LINK_FLAG_NO_UNDEFINED twice, MERGE_LIBRARIES
already put it into LINK_FLAGS.

optimizer_switch

For DATE and DATETIME columns defined as NOT NULL,
"date_notnull IS NULL" has to be modified to:
"date_notnull IS NULL OR date_notnull == 0"
if date_notnull is from an inner table of outer join);
"date_notnull == 0" - otherwise.

This must hold for such columns of mergeable views and derived
tables as well. So far the code did the above re-writing only
for columns of base tables and temporary tables.

1. test readdir_r() availability under -Werror
2. don't protect readdir() with mutexes, it's not needed for the way
   we use readdir()

gcc 6 issues a warning about a suspicious construct

  while(0);
  {
     some code
  }

Enumerate plugins that use password field.

The function trans_rollback_to_savepoint(), unlike trans_savepoint(),
did not allow xa_state=XA_ACTIVE, so an attempt to do ROLLBCK TO SAVEPOINT
inside an XA transaction incorrectly returned an error
"...command cannot be executed ... in the ACTIVE state...".

Partially merging a MySQL patch:
  7fb5c47390311d9b1b5367f97cb8fedd4102dd05
  This is WL#7193 (Decouple THD and st_transactions)...

The currently merged part includes these changes:
- Introducing st_xid_state::check_has_uncommitted_xa()
- Reusing it in both trans_rollback_to_savepoint() and trans_savepoint(),
  so now both allow XA_ACTIVE.

The problem was in such scenario:
T1 - starts registering query and locked QC
T2 - starts disabling QC and wait for UNLOCK
T1 - unlock QC
T2 - disable QC and destroy signals without waiting for query unlock
T1 a) - not yet unlocked query in qc and crash on attempt to unlock because
        QC signals are destroyed
   b) if above was done before destruction, it execute end_of results first
      time at exit on after try_lock which see QC disables and return TRUE.
      But it do not reset query_cache_tls->first_query_block which lead to
      second call of end_of_result when diagnostic arena has already
      inappropriate status (not is_eof()).

Fix is:
  1) wait for all queries unlocked before destroying them by locking and
     unlocking
  2) remove query_cache_tls->first_query_block if QC disabled

Regression after 5ea28015.

with joins, SQ, ORDER BY, semijoin=on

A bug in get_sort_by_table() could mislead the function
setup_semijoin_dups_elimination(). As a result the optimizer
could produce invalid execution plans for queries with ORDER BY
and subquery predicates that could be converted to semi-joins.

Remove non prepared (and so belonging to removed clauses FT functions) from the list.

in later version it will be fixed by building the list during preparation.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Black <daniel@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Fix the call to correspond protocoll of pagecache call.
Fix of misleading variables names.

This bug happens when locking the same Aria "transactional" table
(page format) more then once with LOCK TABLES and inserting into one
of them with INSERT ... SELECT when the table is empty.

Fixed by ensuring we don't use fast bulk insert if table is opened
twice with LOCK TABLES (as this changes table->s->state)

Code changes:
- Added use_count to MARIA_USED_TABLES to be able to check if
  table is opened twice for a statement/lock table
- Don't clear history or reset info->start_state if we
  don't have versioning. One reason for the bug was
  was that info->start_state was set to point to different
  states for the two tables.  If there is no versioning
  info->start_state should always point to info->s->state.common.

Other things:
- Fixed also some typos that was noticed while scanning the code
- More DBUG_PRINT

The warning was originally added in
commit c6766305
(MySQL 4.1.12, 5.0.3) to trace claimed undo log corruption that
was analyzed in https://lists.mysql.com/mysql/176250
on November 9, 2004.

Originally, the limit was 20,000 undo log headers or transactions,
but in commit 9d6d1902
in MySQL 5.5.11 it was increased to 2,000,000.

The message can be triggered when the progress of purge is prevented
by a long-running transaction (or just an idle transaction whose
read view was started a long time ago), by running many transactions
that UPDATE or DELETE some records, then starting another transaction
with a read view, and finally by executing more than 2,000,000
transactions that UPDATE or DELETE records in InnoDB tables. Finally,
when the oldest long-running transaction is completed, purge would
run up to the next-oldest transaction, and there would still be more
than 2,000,000 transactions to purge.

Because the message can be triggered when the database is obviously
not corrupted, it should be removed. Heavy users of InnoDB should be
monitoring the "History list length" in SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS;
there is no need to spam the error log.

Roll back to most general duplicate removing strategi in case of different stratagies for one position.

Backport the fix from 10.0.33 to 5.5, in case someone compiles XtraDB
with -DUNIV_LOG_ARCHIVE

The XtraDB option innodb_track_changed_pages causes
the function log_group_read_log_seg() to be invoked
even when recv_sys==NULL, leading to the SIGSEGV.

This regression was caused by
MDEV-11027 InnoDB log recovery is too noisy