MDEV-33101 Server crashes when starting the server with innodb-force-recovery=6 and enabling the innodb_truncate_temporary_tablespace_now variable

The issue is introduced by "MDEV-28699: Shrink temporary tablespaces
without restart". SRV_FORCE_NO_LOG_REDO forces server to read only mode
and we don't initialize temporary tablespace in read only mode.

solution: innodb_truncate_temporary_tablespace_now should be no-op in
read only mode.

srv_start(): Move a read only mode startup tweak from
innodb_init_params() to the correct location. Also if
innodb_force_recovery=6 we will disable the doublewrite buffer,
because InnoDB must run in read-only mode to prevent further corruption.

This change only affects debug checks. Whenever srv_read_only_mode holds,
the buf_pool.flush_list will be empty, that is, there will be no writes
of persistent InnoDB data pages.

Reviewed by: Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani

- innodb.doublewrite_debug should avoid the checkpoint
before killing the server. So used debug sync and
innodb_flush_sync to avoid the checkpoint completely.
Test case allowed to skip on MSAN builder due to extra
checkpoint.

wsrep_plugin_init(), wsrep_plugin_deinit(): Remove these dummy functions
in order to fix an error that would be flagged by cmake -DWITH_UBSAN=ON
when using clang.

wsrep_show_ready(), wsrep_show_bf_aborts(): Correct the signature.

If a query has a HAVING clause that contains a predicate with a constant
IN subquery whose lef part in its turn is a subquery and the predicate is
subject to pushdown from HAVING to WHERE then execution of the query could
cause a crash of the server.

The cause of the problem was the missing implementation of the walk()
method for the class Item_in_optimizer. As a result in some cases the left
operand of the Item_in_optimizer condition could be traversed twice by
the walk procedure. For many call-back functions used as an argument of
this procedure it does not matter. Yet it matters for the call-back
function cleanup_excluding_immutables_processor() used in pushdown of
predicates from HAVING to WHERE. If the processed item is marked with
the IMMUTABLE_FL flag then the processor just removes this flag, otherwise
it performs cleanup of the item making it unfixed. If an item is marked
with an the IMMUTABLE_FL and it traversed with this processor twice then
it becomes unfixed after the second traversal though the flag indicates
that the item should not be cleaned up.

Approved by Oleksandr Byelkin <sanja@mariadb.com>

Problem:

sp_cache erroneously looked up fully qualified SP names (e.g. `DB`.`SP`),
in case insensitive style. It was wrong, because only the "name"
part is always case insensitive, while the "db" part should be compared
according to lower_case_table_names (case sensitively for 0,
case insensitively for 1 and 2).

Fix:

Adding a "casedn_name" parameter make_qname() to tell
if the name part should be lower cased:
  `DB1`.`SP` -> "DB1.SP"  (when casedn_name=false)
  `DB1`.`SP` -> "DB1.sp"  (when casedn_name=true)
and using make_qname() with casedn_name=true when creating
sp_cache hash lookup keys.

Details:

As a result, it now works as follows:
- sp_head::m_db is converted to lower case if lower_case_table_names>0
  during the sp_name initialization phase. So when make_qname() is called,
  sp_head::m_db is already normalized. There are no changes in here.

- The initialization phase of sp_head when creating sp_head::m_qname
  now calls make_qname() with casedn_name=true,
  so sp_head::m_name gets written to sp_head::m_qname in lower case.

- sp_cache_lookup() now also calls make_qname() with casedn_name=true,
  so sp_head::m_name gets written to the temporary lookup key in lower case.

- sp_cache::m_hashtable now uses case sensitive comparison

Part#1 A non-functional change

Changing the signature of Identifier_chain2::make_qname() from

  bool make_qname(MEM_ROOT *mem_root, LEX_CSTRING *dst) const;

to

  LEX_CSTRING make_qname(MEM_ROOT *mem_root) const;

Now the result is returned as LEX_CSTRING from the function rather than
is passed as a parameter.
The return value {NULL,0} means "EOM".

This is a requirement step to fix and merge easier
  MDEV-33019 The database part is not case sensitive in SP names

The original MDEV-31991 commit commend:

- Moving some of Database_qualified_name methods into a new class
  Identifier_chain2.

- Changing the data type of the following variables from
  Database_qualified_name to Identifier_chain2:

  * q_pkg_proc in LEX::call_statement_start()
  * q_pkg_func in LEX::make_item_func_call_generic()

Rationale:

The data type of Database_qualified_name::m_db will be changed
to Lex_ident_db soon. So Database_qualified_name won't be able
to store the `pkg.routine` part of `db.pkg.routine` any more,
because `pkg` must not depend on lower-case-table-names.

Marko reported DBUG_ASSERT from dict_stats_shutdown().

destroy_background_thd() does not like when current_thd is set.
In galera, it can be the case, dict_stats_shutdown() can be called from
user thread, to stop and later restart stats recalculations.

MDEV-31003 has introduced second execution for SELECTs that execute
under ps-protocol. The following tests in galera suites do not support
this mode of execution, disable it:

  galera.MDEV-27862
  galera.galera_log_output_csv
  galera.galera_query_cache
  galera.galera_query_cache_sync_wait
  galera_3nodes_sr.GCF-336
  galera_3nodes_sr.galera_sr_isolate_master
  galera_sr.galera_sr_large_fragment
  galera_sr.galera_sr_many_fragments
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

AIX compilation failed, because glibc's non-standard extension to
`struct tm` were used - additional members tm_gmtoff and tm_zone.

The patch fixes it by adding corresponding compile-time check.

Additionally, for the calculation of GMT offset on AIX, a portable
variant of timegm() was required.Implementation here is inspired by
SergeyD's answer on Stackoverflow :
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16647819/timegm-cross-platform

The merge e95bba9c missed it

Attempting to set a SAVEPOINT when one of the involved storage engines
does not support savepoints, raises an error, and results in statement
rollback. If Galera is enabled with binlog emulation, the above
scenario was not handled correctly, and resulted in cluster wide
inconsistency.

The problem was in wsrep_register_binlog_handler(), which is called
towards the beginning of SAVEPOINT execution. This function is
supposed to mark the beginning of statement position in trx cache
through `set_prev_position()`. However, it did so only on condition
that `get_prev_position()` returns `MY_OFF_T_UNDEF`.
This before statement position is typically reset to undefined at the
end of statement in `binlog_commit()` / `binlog_rollback()`.
However that's not the case with Galera and binlog emulation, for
which binlog commit / rollback hooks are not called due to the
optimization that avoids internal 2PC (MDEV-16509).
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

This commit fixes GTID inconsistency which was injected by mariabackup SST.
Donor node now writes new info file: donor_galera_info, which is streamed
along the mariabackup donation to the joiner node. The donor_galera_info
file contains both GTID and gtid domain_id, and joiner will use these to
initialize the GTID state.

Commit has new mtr test case: galera_3nodes.galera_gtid_consistency, which
exercises potentially harmful mariabackup SST scenarios. The test has also
scenario with IST joining.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   mysql-test/suite/galera/r/MW-388.result
	modified:   mysql-test/suite/galera/r/MW-86-wait1.result
	modified:   mysql-test/suite/galera/r/MW-86-wait8.result
	modified:   mysql-test/suite/galera/r/galera_myisam_autocommit.result
	modified:   mysql-test/suite/galera/r/galera_var_retry_autocommit.result
	modified:   mysql-test/suite/galera/t/galera_myisam_autocommit.test

These tests are run only using debug Galera library and changes are
only test related.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

If recalc_pool is not empty, dict_stats needs to be rescheduled.

Also revert aff5ed39

Use static dict_stats_thd instead of creating/destroying it every time
function is called.

Modified galera_sr.mysql-wsrep-features#165 test to be deterministic:
Added one wait condition to catch execution state after --send command.
Changed another wait condition to better match the execution state of the test thread.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

dict_stats_schedule() is executed for --innodb-force-recovery=3+,
but timer is not created.

Loopback interface might not be configured, thus do not test it.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

make_item_func_call_generic() should take `db_int`, not `db`