Item_func_hex::fix_length_and_dec() evaluated a too short data type
for signed numeric arguments, which resulted in a 'Data too long for column'
error on CREATE..SELECT.

Fixing the code to take into account that a short negative
numer can produce a long HEX value: -1  -> 'FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF'

Also fixing Item_func_hex::val_str_ascii_from_val_real().
Without this change, MTR test with HEX with negative float point arguments
failed on some platforms (aarch64, ppc64le, s390-x).

extra_port and port are 16 bit numbers and not 32 bit as they are
tcp ports.

Restrict their value.

Mismatched IF/ENDIF statements in cmake
caused a warning.

PFS_atomic class contains wrappers around my_atomic_* operations, which
are macros to GNU atomic operations (__atomic_*). Due to different
implementations of compilers, clang may encounter errors when compiling
on x86_32 architecture.

The following functions are replaced with C++ std::atomic type in
performance schema code base:
  - PFS_atomic::store_*()
      -> my_atomic_store*
        -> __atomic_store_n()
    => std::atomic<T>::store()

  - PFS_atomic::load_*()
      -> my_atomic_load*
        -> __atomic_load_n()
    => std::atomic<T>::load()

  - PFS_atomic::add_*()
      -> my_atomic_add*
        -> __atomic_fetch_add()
    => std::atomic<T>::fetch_add()

  - PFS_atomic::cas_*()
    -> my_atomic_cas*
      -> __atomic_compare_exchange_n()
    => std::atomic<T>::compare_exchange_strong()

and PFS_atomic class could be dropped completely.

Note that in the wrapper memory order passed to original GNU atomic
extensions are hard-coded as `__ATOMIC_SEQ_CST`, which is equivalent to
`std::memory_order_seq_cst` in C++, and is the default parameter for
std::atomic_* functions.

All new code of the whole pull request, including one or several files
that are either new files or modified ones, are contributed under the
BSD-new license. I am contributing on behalf of my employer Amazon Web
Services.

CMake WSREP=ON has some implications for client
executables so still present this as an option
when compiling WITHOUT_SERVER. In this case
default to ON for maximium compatibility of
the build client executables and libraries.

The log_event_old.cc is included by mysqlbinlog.cc.

With -DWITHOUT_SERVER the include path for the wsrep
include headers isn't there.

As these aren't needed by the mariadb-binlog, move
these to under a ifndef MYSQL_CLIENT preprocessor.

Caused by MDEV-18590

Just like the spider/bugfix suite.

One caveat is that my_2_3.cnf needs something under mysqld.2.3 group,
otherwise mtr will fail with something like:

There is no group named 'mysqld.2.3' that can be used to resolve
'port' for ...

This will allow new tests under the spider suite to use what is
needed. It also somehow fixes issues of running a test followed by
spider.slave_trx_isolation.

Executing an INSERT statement in PS mode having positional parameter
bound with an array could result in incorrect number of inserted rows
in case there is a BEFORE INSERT trigger that executes yet another
INSERT statement to put a copy of row being inserted into some table.

The reason for incorrect number of inserted rows is that a data structure
used for binding positional argument with its actual values is stored
in THD (this is thd->bulk_param) and reused on processing every INSERT
statement. It leads to consuming actual values bound with top-level
INSERT statement by other INSERT statements used by triggers' body.

To fix the issue, reset the thd->bulk_param temporary to the value nullptr
before invoking triggers and restore its value on finishing its execution.

Having Item_func_not items in item trees breaks assumptions during the
optimization phase about transformation possibilities in fix_fields().
Remove Item_func_not by extending normalization during parsing.

Reviewed by Oleksandr Byelkin (sanja@mariadb.com)

New error codes can only be added in the latest major version.
Adding ER_KILL_DENIED_HIGH_PRIORITY would shift by one all
error codes that were added in MariaDB Server 10.6 or later.

This amends commit 1001dae1

Suggested by: Sergei Golubchik

ha_innobase::info_low(): For HA_STATUS_VARIABLE without
HA_STATUS_VARIABLE_EXTRA, let us avoid unnecessary and costly updates
of the data_free statistics, which are only needed for SHOW TABLE STATUS.
This optimization had been enabled in
commit 247ecb75 but not utilized until now.

Now that we have proper paths in `galera_recovery` changing the
directory is no longer required.

The variable `sbindir` is never set for cmake. This adds borked paths to
`galera_recovery`, though it dit not break as the systemd unit changes
the dir to make the relative path work anyway.

Let's fix this nevertheless...

RAND() and UUID() are treated differently with respect to subquery
materialization both should be marked as uncacheable, forcing materialization.
Altered Create_func_uuid(_short)::create_builder().
Added comment in header about UNCACHEABLE_RAND meaning also unmergeable.

- Few of test case should make sure that InnoDB does hit
the debug sync point during startup of the server.
InnoDB can remove the double quotes of debug point
in restart parameters.

Find and fix missing virtual override markings.  Updates cmake
maintainer flags to include -Wsuggest-override and
-Winconsistent-missing-override.

- InnoDB tries to write FILE_CHECKPOINT marker during
early recovery when log file size is insufficient.
While updating the log checkpoint at the end of the recovery,
InnoDB must already have written out all pending changes
to the persistent files. To complete the checkpoint, InnoDB
has to write some log records for the checkpoint and to
update the checkpoint header. If the server gets killed
before updating the checkpoint header then it would lead
the logfile to be unrecoverable.

- This patch avoids FILE_CHECKPOINT marker during early
recovery and narrows down the window of opportunity to
make the log file unrecoverable.

There were erroneous calls for charpos() in key_hashnr() and key_buf_cmp().
These functions are never called with prefix segments.

The charpos() calls were wrong. Before the change BNHL joins
- could return wrong result sets, as reported in MDEV-34417
- were extremely slow for multi-byte character sets, because
  the hash was calculated on string prefixes, which increased
  the amount of collisions drastically.

This patch fixes the wrong result set as reported in MDEV-34417,
as well as (partially) the performance problem reported in MDEV-34352.

Changed error code for Galera unkillable threads to
be ER_KILL_DENIED_HIGH_PRIORITY giving message

This is a high priority thread/query and cannot be killed
without the compromising consistency of the cluster

also a warning is produced
  Thread %lld is [wsrep applier|high priority] and cannot be killed
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

MDEV-27966 Assertion `fixed()' failed and Assertion `fixed == 1' failed, both in Item_func_concat::val_str on SELECT after INSERT with collation utf32_bin on utf8_bin table

This problem was earlier fixed by this commit:

> commit 08c7ab40
> Author: Aleksey Midenkov <midenok@gmail.com>
> Date:   Mon Apr 18 12:44:27 2022 +0300
>
>    MDEV-24176 Server crashes after insert in the table with virtual
>    column generated using date_format() and if()

Adding an mtr test only.

After MDEV-4013, the maximum length of replication passwords was extended to
96 ASCII characters. After a restart, however, slaves only read the first 41
characters of MASTER_PASSWORD from the master.info file. This lead to slaves
unable to reconnect to the master after a restart.

After a slave restart, if a master.info file is detected, use the full
allowable length of the password rather than 41 characters.

Reviewed By:
============
Sergei Golubchik <serg@mariadb.com>

In the error case of THD::register_slave(), there is undefined
behavior of Slave_info si because it is allocated via malloc()
(my_malloc), and cleaned up via delete().

This patch makes these consistent by switching si's cleanup
to use my_free.

As all MariaDB Server errors now have a dedicated web page, the
perror utility is extended to include a link to the KB page of
the corresponding error code.

All new code of the whole pull request, including one or several
files that are either new files or modified ones, are contributed
under the BSD-new license. I am contributing on behalf of my
employer Amazon Web Services, Inc.

(It was accidentally removed by fix for MDEV-28846)

Review followup: RANGE_OPT_PARAM statement_should_be_aborted()
checks for thd->is_fatal_error and thd->is_error(). The first is
redundant when the second is present.

The optimizer deals with Rowid Filters this way:

1. First, range optimizer is invoked. It saves information
   about all potential range accesses.
2. A query plan is chosen. Suppose, it uses a Rowid Filter on
   index $IDX.
3. JOIN::make_range_rowid_filters() calls the range optimizer
again to create a quick select on index $IDX which will be used
to populate the rowid filter.

The problem: KILL command catches the query in step #3. Quick
Select is not created which causes a crash.

Fixed by checking if query was killed. Note: the problem also
affects 10.6, even if error handling for
SQL_SELECT::test_quick_select is different there.

Rowid Filter cannot be used with reverse-ordered scans, for the
same reason as IndexConditionPushdown cannot be.

test_if_skip_sort_order() already has logic to disable ICP when
setting up a reverse-ordered scan. Added logic to also disable
Rowid Filter in this case, factored out the code into
prepare_for_reverse_ordered_access(), and added a comment describing
the cause of this limitation.

This avoids a lot of SETVAL() results when applying a mysqldump with
sequences.

To make this possible, it was also necessary to enhance the mariadb
client with the option --print-query-on-error.
This option can also be very useful when running a batch of queries
through the mariadb client and one wants to find out where things goes
wrong.

TODO: It would be good to enhance mariadb_upgrade to not call the mariadb
client for executing queries but instead do this internally.  This
would have made this patch much easier!

Reviewed by: Sergei Golubchik <serg@mariadb.com>

- During recovery, InnoDB may fail to shrink the undo tablespaces
when there are no pages to recover while applying the redo log.
This issue exists only when innodb_undo_truncate is enabled.
trx_lists_init_at_db_start() could've applied the redo logs
for undo tablespace page0.

On an UBSAN clang-15 build, if running with UBSAN option
halt_on_error=1 (the issue doesn't show up without it),
MTR fails during mysqld --bootstrap with UBSAN error:

call to function io_callback(tpool::aiocb*) through pointer to incorrect function type 'void (*)(void *)'

This patch corrects the parameter type of io_callback
to match its expected type defined by callback_func,
i.e. (void*).

Reviewed By:
============
<TODO>

The bug can happens on macOS, if server closes the socket without sending
error packet to client. Closing the socket on server side is legitimate,
and happen e.g when write timeout occurs, perhaps also other situations.

However mysqltest is not prepared to handle mysql_errno 0, and erroneously
thinks connection was successfully established.

The fix/workaround in mysqltest is to treat client failure with
mysql_errno 0 the same as CR_SERVER_LOST (generic client-side
communication error)

The real fix in client library would ensure that mysql_errno is set
on errors.

Otherwise it may result in nonsensical values like 190 for a boolean.