BACKGROUND:
The testcase i_innodb.innodb_bug14036214 when run under valgrind
leaks memory.

ANALYSIS:
In the code path of mysql_update, a temporary file is opened
using open_cached_file().
When an error has occured in that code path, this temporary
file was not closed since call to close_cached_file() was 
missing.
This problem exists in 5.5 but it does not exists in 5.6 and 
trunk. 
This is because in 5.6 and trunk, when we issue the update
statement in the test case, it does not take the same code path
as in 5.5. The code path is different because a different plan 
is chosen by optimizer. 
See Bug#14036214 for details.
However, the problem can still be examined in 5.6 and trunk
by code inspection.

FIX:
The file opened by open_cached_file() has been closed by calling
close_cached_file() when an error occurs so that it does not 
results in a memory leak.

This is a backport of the fix for
Bug#13966809 CRASH IN COPY_FUNCS WHEN GROUPING BY OUTER QUERY BLOB FIELD IN SUBQUERY

Don't try to install anything into INSTALL_MYSQLTESTDIR
if it is explicitly set empty on the cmake command line.

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Bug #16347343 : CRASH, GROUP_CONCAT, DERIVED TABLES
      
Problem:
A select query inside a group_concat function having an 
outer reference results in a crash.
      
Analysis:
In function Item_group_concat::add, we do not check if 
return value of get_tmp_table_field can be NULL for 
a non-const item. This can happen for a query with a 
outer reference.
While resolving the outer reference in the query present
inside group_concat function, we set the "const_item_cache" 
to false. As a result in the call to const_item() from 
Item_func_group_concat::add, it returns false and goes on 
to check if this can be NULL resulting in the crash.
get_tmp_table_field does not return NULL for Items of type 
Item_field, Item_result_field and Item_ref. 
For all other items, it returns NULL. 
     
Solution:
Check for the return value of get_tmp_table_field before we 
access field contents.

sql/item_sum.cc:
  Check for the return value of get_tmp_table_field before accessing

      
Problem:
Insert with 'on duplicate key update' on a view,
crashes the server.
      
Analysis:
During an insert on to a view, we do the following:
      
For insert fields and values -
1. Resolve insert values.
2. Resolve insert fields.
3. Check if the fields and values are all from a 
   single table of a view in case of INSERT VALUES.
   Do not check the same in case of INSERT SELECT,
   as the values can be read from different table than
   that of the view.
      
For the update fields (if DUP UPDATE is used)
1. Create a name resolution context with 'table_list' only.
2. Resolve update fields in this context.
3. Check if update fields and values are from the same
   table as the insert fields.
4. Get the next name resolution context. Concatinate this
   with the previous one.
5. Resolve update values in this context as we can refer
   to other tables in the values clause.
      
Note that at step 3(of update fields), we check for
'used_tables map' of update values, without resolving them
first. Hence the crash.
      
Fix:
At step 3, do not pass the update values to check if its a
single table view update, as update values can refer other table.
      
Code has been re-organized to function like check_insert_fields.


sql/sql_insert.cc:
  Do not pass update_values as they are not resolved yet.

TABLE/KEY RELATIONS

The DICT_FK_MAX_RECURSIVE_LOAD was reduced from 250 to 33 in rb#2058.
But in optimized build, this recursive depth is still too deep and
resulted in stack overflow.  So reducing this depth to 20 now.

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SCHEDULER DROPS EVENTS

Problem: On a semi sync enabled server (Master/Slave),
if event scheduler drops an event after completion,
server crashes.

Analaysis: If an event is created with "ON COMPLETION
NOT PRESERVE" clause, event scheduler deletes the event
upon event completion(expiration) and the thread object
will be destroyed. In the destructor of the thread object,
mysys_var member is set to zero explicitly. Later from
the same destructor call(same execution path),
incase of semi sync enabled server, while cleanup is called,
THD::mysys_var member is accessed by THD::enter_cond()
function which causes server to crash.

Fix: mysys_var should not be explicitly set to zero and
also it is not required.

sql/sql_class.cc:
  mysys_var should not be explicitly set to zero.

Fixed the get_data_size() methods for multi-point features to check properly for end 
of their respective data arrays.
Extended the point checking function to take a 3d optional argument so cases where
there's additional data in each array element (besides the point data itself) can be
covered by the helper function.
Fixed the 3 cases where such offset was present to use the proper checking helper 
function.
Test cases added.
Fixed review comments.

              REGULAR SQL VS PREPARED STATEMENT

Analysis:
---------

When passing user variables as parameters to the
prepared statements, the IF() function evaluation
turns out to be incorrect.

Consider the example:

SET @var1='0.038687';
SELECT @var1 , IF( @var1 = 0 , 1 ,@var1 ) AS sqlif ;
+----------+----------+
| @var1    | sqlif    |
+----------+----------+
| 0.038687 | 0.038687 |
+----------+----------+

Executing a prepared statement where the parameters are
supplied:

PREPARE fail_stmt FROM "SELECT ? ,
IF( ? = 0 , 1 , ? ) AS ps_if_fail" ;
EXECUTE fail_stmt USING @var1 ,@var1 , @var1 ;
+----------+------------+
| ?        | ps_if_fail |
+----------+------------+
| 0.038687 | 1          |
+----------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

In the regular statement or while executing the prepared
statements without passing parameters, the decimal
precision is set for the user variable of type string.
The comparison function used for evaluation considered
the precision while comparing the values.

But while executing the prepared statement with the
parameters supplied, the decimal precision was not
set. Thus the comparison function chosen was different
which looked at the absolute values for comparison.

Fix:
----

The fix is to set 'decimals' field of Item_param to the
default value which is nothing but the maximum number of
decimals(NOT_FIXED_DEC). This is set for cases where the
strings are converted to the numeric form within certain
functions. Thus the value is not rounded off during
comparison, ensuring correct evaluation.

NO ERRORS REPORTED
      
Problem:
=======
Errors from my_b_fill are ignored. MYSQL_BIN_LOG::write_cache
code assumes that 0 returned from my_b_fill always means
end-of-cache, but that is incorrect. It can result in error
and the error is ignored. Other callers of my_b_fill don't
check for error: my_b_copy_to_file, maybe my_b_gets.
      
Fix:
===
An error handler is already present to check the "cache"
error that is reported during "MYSQL_BIN_LOG::write_cache"
call. Hence error handlers are added for "my_b_copy_to_file"
and "my_b_gets".
During my_b_fill() function call, when the cache read fails
info->error= -1 is set. Hence a check for "info->error"
is added for the above to callers upon their return.

mysys/mf_iocache2.c:
  Added a check for "cache->error" and simulation of cache read failure
mysys/my_read.c:
  Simulation of read failure
sql/log_event.cc:
  Added debug simulation
sql/sql_repl.cc:
  Added a check for cache error

TABLE/KEY RELATIONS

Problem:

When there are many tables, linked together through the foreign key
constraints, then loading one table will recursively open other tables.  This
can sometimes lead to thread stack overflow.  In such situations the server
will exit.

I see the stack overflow problem when the thread_stack is 196608 (the default
value for 32-bit systems).  I don't see the problem when the thread_stack is
set to 262144 (the default value for 64-bit systems).

Solution:

Currently, in InnoDB, there is a macro DICT_FK_MAX_RECURSIVE_LOAD which defines
the maximum number of tables that will be loaded recursively because of foreign
key relations.  This is currently set to 250.  We can reduce this number to 33
(anything more than 33 does not solve the problem for the default value).  We
can keep it small enough so that thread stack overflow does not happen for the
default values.  Reducing the DICT_FK_MAX_RECURSIVE_LOAD will not affect the
functionality of InnoDB.  The tables will eventually be loaded. 

rb#2058 approved by Marko

The GIS WKB reader was checking for the presence of
enough data by first multiplying the number read (where
it could overflow) and only then comparing it to the
number of bytes available.
This can overflow and effectively turn off the check.
Fixed by:
1. Introducing a new function that does division only so
no overflow is possible.
2. Using the proper macros and parenthesizing them.
3. Doing an in-line division check in the only place where
the boundary check is done over a data structure other
than a dense points array.

Merge from mysql-5.1 into mysql-5.5.

Fixed possible uninitialized variable.

--BINLOG-IGNORE-DB AND FULLY QUALIFIED TABLE
      
Problem:
=======
An ALTER TABLE statement is not written to binlog if server
started with "--binlog-ignore-db some database" and 'fully
qualified' table names are used in the ALTER TABLE statement
altering table different from current database context.
      
Analysis:
========
The above mentioned problem not only affects "ALTER TABLE"
statements but also to all kind of statements. Once the 
current default database becomes "NULL" none of the 
statements will be binlogged.
      
The current behaviour is such that if the user has specified
restrictions on which database needs to be replicated and the
default db is not specified, then do not replicate.
This means that "NULL" is considered to be equivalent to
everything (default db = null implied ignore don't log the
statement).
      
Fix:
===
"NULL" should not be considered as equivalent to everything.
Since the filtering criteria is not equal to "NULL" the
statement should be logged into binlog.

mysql-test/suite/rpl/r/rpl_loaddata_m.result:
  Earlier when defalut database was "NULL" DROP TABLE
  was not getting logged. Post this fix it will be logged
  and the DROP will fail at slave as the table creation
  was skipped by master as --binlog-ignore-db=test.
mysql-test/suite/rpl/t/rpl_loaddata_m.test:
  Earlier when defalut database was "NULL" DROP TABLE
  was not getting logged. Post this fix it will be logged
  and the DROP will fail at slave as the table creation
  was skipped by master as --binlog-ignore-db=test.
sql/rpl_filter.cc:
  Replaced DBUG_RETURN(0) with DBUG_RETURN(1).

TABLE/KEY RELATIONS

Problem:

When there are many tables, linked together through the foreign key
constraints, then loading one table will recursively open other tables.  This
can sometimes lead to thread stack overflow.  In such situations the server
will exit.

I see the stack overflow problem when the thread_stack is 196608 (the default
value for 32-bit systems).  I don't see the problem when the thread_stack is
set to 262144 (the default value for 64-bit systems).

Solution:

Currently, in InnoDB, there is a macro DICT_FK_MAX_RECURSIVE_LOAD which defines
the maximum number of tables that will be loaded recursively because of foreign
key relations.  This is currently set to 250.  We can reduce this number to 33
(anything more than 33 does not solve the problem for the default value).  We
can keep it small enough so that thread stack overflow does not happen for the
default values.  Reducing the DICT_FK_MAX_RECURSIVE_LOAD will not affect the
functionality of InnoDB.  The tables will eventually be loaded. 

rb#2058 approved by Marko

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