MariaDB adjustments to test case innodb-replace-debug and
add missing instrumentation to row0ins.cc.

MariaDB 10.1 does not seem to be affected.

Imported missing test case from MySQL 5.7 for

commit 25781c154396dbbc21023786aa3be070057d6999
Author: Annamalai Gurusami <annamalai.gurusami@oracle.com>
Date:   Mon Feb 24 14:00:03 2014 +0530

    Bug #17604730 ASSERTION: *CURSOR->INDEX->NAME == TEMP_INDEX_PREFIX

With combination of --log-bin and Galera the server may crash
reporting two characteristic stacks:

  /usr/sbin/mysqld(_ZN13MYSQL_BIN_LOG13mark_xid_doneEmb+0xc7)[0x7f182a8e2cb7]
  /usr/sbin/mysqld(binlog_background_thread+0x2b5)[0x7f182a8e3275]

or

  /usr/sbin/mysqld(_ZN13MYSQL_BIN_LOG21do_checkpoint_requestEm+0x9d)[0x7ff395b2dafd]
  /usr/sbin/mysqld(_ZN13MYSQL_BIN_LOG20checkpoint_and_purgeEm+0x11)[0x7ff395b2db91]
  /usr/sbin/mysqld(_ZN13MYSQL_BIN_LOG16rotate_and_purgeEb+0xc2)[0x7ff395b300b2]

The reason of the failure appears to be non-matching decrements for
  `xid_count_per_binlog::xid_count`
which can occur when a transaction is executed having its connection issued
`SET @@sql_log_bin=0`. In such case the xid count is not incremented but
its decrements still runs to turn `binlog_xid_count_list` into improper state
which the following FLUSH BINARY LOGS exposes through the crash.

*Note_1*: the regression test reuses an existing galera.sql_log_bin
which does not run stably (even in its base form) by mtr with --log-bin.

*Note_2*: 10.0-galera branch is free of this issue having missed MDEV-7205
fixes.

As reported in MDEV-11969 "there's no way to ditch knowledge" about some
domain that is no longer updated on a server. Besides being of annoyance to
clutter output in DBA console stale domains can prevent the slave
to connect the master as MDEV-12012 witnesses.
What domain is obsolete must be evaluated by the user (DBA) according
to whether the domain info is still relevant and will the domain ever
receive any update.

This patch introduces a method to discard obsolete gtid domains from
the server binlog state. The removal requires no event group from such
domain present in existing binlog files though. If there are any the
containing logs must be first PURGEd in order for

  FLUSH BINARY LOGS DELETE_DOMAIN_ID=(list-of-domains)

succeed. Otherwise the command returns an error.

The list of obsolete domains can be computed through
intersecting two sets - the earliest (first) binlog's Gtid_list
and the current value of @@global.gtid_binlog_state - and extracting
the domain id components from the intersection list items.
The new DELETE_DOMAIN_ID featured FLUSH continues to rotate binlog
omitting the deleted domains from the active binlog file's Gtid_list.
Notice though when the command is ineffective - that none of requested to delete
domain exists in the binlog state - rotation does not occur.

Obsolete domain deletion is not harmful for connected slaves as long
as master side binlog files *purge* is synchronized with FLUSH-DELETE_DOMAIN_ID.
The slaves must have the last event from purged files processed as usual,
in order not to bump later into requesting a gtid from a file which
was already gone.
While the command is not replicated (as ordinary FLUSH BINLOG LOGS is)
slaves, even though having extra domains, won't suffer from reconnection errors
thanks to master-slave gtid connection protocol allowing the master
to be ignorant about a gtid domain.
Should at failover such slave to be promoted into master role it may run
the ex-master's

 FLUSH BINARY LOGS DELETE_DOMAIN_ID=(list-of-domains)

to clean its own binlog state.

NOTES.
  suite/perfschema/r/start_server_low_digest.result
is re-recorded as consequence of internal parser codes changes.

Repeat reworked solution of procedures for all posible Sp (functions &
triggers).

Do not do reopen_fstreams/setbuf twice during server startup on Windows.
fprintf(stderr,..) might crash, if setbuf is executed at the same time.

1. remove erroneously committed *.orig
2. fix LZ4 detection on Mac OS X and FreeBSD. Cannot do

   pkg_check_modules(LIBLZ4 liblz4)
   find_library(LIBLZ4_LIBS ... )

because find_library(X) does not do anything if X is defined (documented),
and pkg_check_modules(Y) sets Y_LIBS to "" (undocumented!)

MDEV-12372 mysqlbinlog --version output is the same on 10.x as on 5.5.x, and contains not only version

don't print usage() for --version

Some tests are skipped by checks in suite.pm. It is redundant to
have an sql-level run-time check in the .inc file itself.

In some cases it's not only redundant, but dangerous.
After one bug in 10.2 innodb.create_isl_with_direct failed
to start InnoDB, but the server started fine (just without InnoDB)
and instead of failing, the test was skipped by run-time check in
have_innodb.inc.

# Conflicts:
#	mysql-test/include/not_embedded.inc
#	mysql-test/r/change_user_notembedded.result
#	mysql-test/suite.pm
#	mysql-test/t/change_user_notembedded.test

Remove the main bottleneck -  the memset() call mentioned in the bug.
Use os_mem_alloc_large() instead of malloc()/memset().

MDEV-14333 Mariabackup --apply-log-only crashes if incomplete transactions with update_undo logs are present

trx_undo_free_prepared(): Relax the assertion for
mariabackup --apply-log-only.

MDEV-14164: Unknown column error when adding aggregate to function in oracle style procedure FOR loop

Make differentiation between pullout for merge and pulout of outer field during exists2in transformation.
In last case the field was outer and so we can safely start from name resolution context of the SELECT where it was pulled.
Old behavior lead to inconsistence between list of tables and outer name resolution context (which skips one SELECT for merge purposes) which creates problem vor name resolution.

Test uses now debug and debug_sync.

Use symbolic signal names (e.g. SIGSTOP) instead of numeric ones (e.g.
19) because the latter are not portable.

Added one more test scenario for two cascading parent tables

This is needed to clear THD::wsrep_status_vars reference,
which would otherwise remain to point to status variable array, which is no more effective.

MariaDB adjustments.

* created tests focusing in multi-master conflicts during cascading foreign key
  processing
* in row0upd.cc, calling wsrep_row_ups_check_foreign_constraints only when
  running in cluster
* in row0ins.cc fixed regression from MW-369, which caused crash with MW-402.test

MariaDB adjustments.

* changed thd_binlog_format to return configured binlog format in wsrep execution,
  regardless of binlogging setting (i.e. with or without binlogging)
* thd_binlog_format is used in innobase::write_row(), and would return confusing
  result there when log_bin==OFF

Adapt to MariaDB case

It is possible for a stored procedure that has an error handler
that catches SQLEXCEPTION to call thd->clear_error() on a thd
that failed certification. And because the error is cleared,
wsrep patch proceeds with the normal path and may try to commit
statements that should actually abort.
This patch catches the situation where wsrep_conflict_state is
still set, but the thd's error has been cleared, and rolls back
the statement in such cases.

This problem was earlier fixed by the patch for MDEV-8910. Adding tests only.