derived table / view by equality

Now rows of a materialized derived table are always put into a
temporary table before join operation. If BNLH is used to join this
table with the result of a partial join then both operands of the
join are actually put into main memory. In most cases this is not
efficient.
We could avoid this by sending the rows of the derived table directly
to the join operation. However this kind of data flow is not supported
yet.
Fixed by not allowing usage of hash join algorithm to join a materialized
derived table if it's joined by an equality predicate of the form
f=e where f is a field of the derived table.

Change for the test case in 10.3: splitting must be turned off to preserve
the explain.

btr_cur_instant_root_init(): Check the "infimum" and "supremum"
record strings already here, and not later in btr_cur_instant_root_init().
In this way, we can properly reject files from later versions where
instant ALTER TABLE could support further operations that change the
format of InnoDB clustered indexes.

Because changes of the FIL_PAGE_TYPE or PAGE_INSTANT in the root
page are not undo-logged, it is possible that the fields suggest
that instant ADD COLUMN is in effect, even though no metadata
record exists. If the fields are set, proceed to fetch the
metadata record. If the metadata record does not exist, return
success if !index->is_instant().

Also, check that the "infimum" and "supremum" records carry the
strings in the root page. In a later format that supports instant
DROP COLUMN, we will have to store more information in the root
page, so that index->n_core_null_bytes can be determined accurately.

btr_cur_instant_init_low(): If columns were instantly added and dropped,
then index->is_instant() might not hold even though the root page type
was FIL_PAGE_TYPE_INSTANT. MariaDB 10.3 must refuse to open such files,
because instant DROP COLUMN is not supported.

Also, refuse to open the table if the metadata record has
wrong info OR status bits. Previously, we only refused to open
if both bits were wrong.

MDEV-16211 Contents of transaction_registry should not be replicated by Galera

Addition based on Travis results

             truncating a temporary table

TRUNCATE expects only one TABLE instance (which is used by TRUNCATE
itself) to be open. However this requirement wasn't enforced after
"MDEV-5535: Cannot reopen temporary table".

Fixed by closing unused table instances before performing TRUNCATE.

Patch fixes two bugs:
1) BEGIN_TIMESTAMP of MYSQL.TRANSACTION_REGISTY is '0-0-0' on replication record insertion
2) BEGIN_TIMESTAMP equals COMMMIT_TIMESTAMP in MYSQL.TRANSACTION_REGISTRY

Fixed by calling THD::set_time() at appropriate places

rec_offs_nth_extern_old() was introduced in
commit a4948daf
and never used.

storage/rocksdb/rdb_datadic.cc: In member function 'int myrocks::Rdb_key_def::unpack_integer(myrocks::Rdb_field_packing*, Field*, uchar*, myrocks::Rdb_string_reader*, myrocks::Rdb_string_reader*) const'
storage/rocksdb/rdb_datadic.cc:1781:1: internal compiler error: Segmentation fault
 }

on ppc64le, ubuntu bionic gcc 7.3.0 and debian stretch gcc 6.3.0

The error happens with -ftree-loop-vectorize when trying to vectorize
a particular loop (see Rdb_key_def::unpack_integer())

Compiler gets confused by __attribute__((optimize("O0")) that comes from
ha_rocksdb_proto.h. The intention of this __attribute__ was to prevent
function from being inlined (see ha_rocksdb.cc). Let's use a more
specific attribute that prevents inlining but does not confuse
loop vectorizer.

An error in "group commit with MariaDB's binlog" code: we would flush
the WAL even when the transaction did not do any writes (and so the logic
in myrocks::Rdb_transaction::commit caused it to rollback).

Reset query cache after every test case and add wait after
load infile.

to guarantee that it's destroyed when plugin deinit is called, not after

(already fixed in 10.2. bad merge?)

Use RedHat-recommended /var/lib/rpm-state/mariadb/ for restart flag.
This also fixes SUSE where /var/lib/rpm-state doesn't necessarily exist.

cover ALTER TABLE

MDEV-16792 Assertion `m_status == DA_ERROR' failed in Diagnostics_area::sql_errno or wrong result upon SHOW TABLE STATUS after adding partition under ANSI_QUOTES

if opening a table fails with a syntax error, the error shouldn't
be suppressed completely as if it didn't happen at all.

Unary minus operation for the smallest possible signed long long value
(LONLONG_MIN) is undefined in C++. Because of this, func_time.test
failed on ppc64 buildbot machines.

Fixing the code to avod using undefined operations.

This is fix is similar to "MDEV-7973 bigint fail with gcc 5.0"