Reimplement MDEV-14275 Improving memory utilization for information schema

Postpone temp table instantiation until after setup_fields().

Replace all unused (not marked in read_set) columns in an I_S table
with CHAR(0). This can drastically reduce the footprint of a MEMORY
table (a TABLE_CATALOG alone is 1538 bytes per row).

This does not change the engine. If the table was decided to be Aria
(because of, say, blobs) then after optimization it'll stay Aria
even if all blobs were removed.

Note 1: when transforming table structure, share->blob_fields is
preserved, otherwise Aria might switch from DYNAMIC to STATIC row format
and expect a special field for a deleted mark, which create_tmp_tabe
didn't provide.

Note 2: optimizer was doing handler::info() (to know the number of rows)
before the temp table is populated. That didn't make much sense. Now
it's done before the table is even instantiated. Preserve the old
behavior and report 0 rows.

This reverts e2664ee8 and a8458a23

instead of, say, MY_SEARCH_LIBS(dlopen dl LIBDL)

PROXY_USER event added.

Conflicts:
	plugin/server_audit/server_audit.c

- Original patch was contributed by Jani Tolonen <jani.k.tolonen@gmail.com>
https://github.com/an3l/server/commits/bb-10.3-anel-MDEV-21786-dump-sequence
which distinguishes data structure (linked list) of sequences from
tables.
- Added standard sql output to prevent future changes
of sequences and disabled locks for sequences.
- Added test case for `MDEV-20070: mysqldump won't work correct on
sequences` where table column depends on sequence value.
- Restore sequence last value in the following way:
  - Find `next_not_cached_value` and use it to `setval()`
  - We just need for logical restore, so don't execute `setval()`
  - `setval()` should be showed also in case of `--no-data` option.

Reviewed-by: daniel@mariadb.org

Compiler warnings like one listed below are generated during server build on MacOS:
In file included from server-10.2-MDEV-23564/mysys_ssl/openssl.c:33:
In file included from /usr/local/include/openssl/evp.h:16:
In file included from /usr/local/include/openssl/bio.h:20:
/usr/local/include/openssl/crypto.h:206:10: warning: 'CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data' macro redefined [-Wmacro-redefined]
           ^
  /mariadb/server-10.2-MDEV-23564/include/ssl_compat.h:46:9: note: previous definition is here
          ^

In case MariaDB serer is build with -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug it results in
build error.

The reason of compiler warnings is that header file <ssl_compat.h>
included before the openssl system header files. File ssl_compat.h
contains some macros with the same names as SSL API functions declared
in the openssl system header files. It resulted in duplicate
symbols that produces compiler warnings.

To fix the issue the header file ssl_compat.h should be included
after a line where openssl system header is included.

It was only from CMake-3.14.0 that CMAKE_REQUIRED_LINK_OPTIONS
was used in CHECK_CXX_SOURCE_COMPILES. Without this, it could be
the case (as was on OSX) that a flag was never checked in
CHECK_CXX_SOURCE_COMPILES, the CHECK successfully passed, but
failed at link time.

As such we use CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES to include the flags to check
as its compatible enough with the cmake versions for non-Windows
compilers/linkers.

Tested on x86_64 with:
* 3.11.4
* 3.17.4

Corrects: 7473e184

In the future:
* cmake >=3.14.0 can use CMAKE_REQUIRED_LINK_OPTIONS
* cmake >=3.18.0 can use CHECK_LINKER_FLAG (with policy CMP0057 NEW)
(e.g: commit c7ac2deff9a2c965887dcc67cbf2a3a7c3e0123d)

CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES suggested by serg@mariadb.com

Reviewed-by: anel@mariadb.org

The only applicable InnoDB change to MariaDB that was made
between MySQL 5.6.49 and MySQL 5.6.50 is MDEV-23999.

fts_query_t::nested_sub_exp: Keep track of nested
fts_ast_visit_sub_exp() calls.

fts_ast_visit_sub_exp(): Return DB_OUT_OF_MEMORY if the
maximum recursion depth is exceeded.

This is motivated by a change in MySQL 5.6.50:
mysql/mysql-server@e2a46b4834a0030e5380d45789772cb6beab6e92
Bug #29929684 USING MANY NESTED ARGUMENTS WITH BOOLEAN FTS CAN LEAD
TO TERMINATE SERVER

In row_undo_ins_remove_clust_rec() and similar places,
an assertion !node->trx->dict_operation_lock_mode could fail,
because an online ALTER is not allowed to run at the same time
while DDL operations on the table are being rolled back.

This race condition would be fixed by always acquiring an InnoDB
table lock in ha_innobase::prepare_inplace_alter_table() or
prepare_inplace_alter_table_dict(), or by ensuring that recovered
transactions are protected by MDL that would block concurrent DDL
until the rollback has been completed.

This reverts commit 15093639
and commit 22c4a751.

The function innodb_show_mutex_status() is the only ultimate caller of
LatchCounter::iterate() via MutexMonitor::iterate(). Because the call
is not protected by LatchCounter::m_mutex, any mutex_create() or
mutex_free() that is invoked concurrently during the execution, bad
things such as a crash could happen.

The most likely way for this to happen is buffer pool resizing,
which could cause buf_block_t::mutex (which existed before MDEV-15053)
to be created or freed. We could also register InnoDB mutexes in
TrxFactory::init() if trx_pools needs to grow.

The view INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_MUTEXES is not affected, because it
only displays information about rw-locks, not mutexes.

This commit intentionally touches also MutexMonitor::iterate()
and the only code that interfaces with LatchCounter::iterate()
to make it clearer for future readers that the scattered code
that is obfuscated by templates belongs together.

This is based on
mysql/mysql-server@273a93396f49c7e0a8b07b260128d9a990c2b154

- Based on patch: d6a983351c5a454bd0cb113852f
- Update combination example for 10.2 (commit 2a3fe45d added change
for 10.3+)
```
==============================================================================

TEST                                      RESULT   TIME (ms) or COMMENT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

worker[1] Using MTR_BUILD_THREAD 300, with reserved ports 16000..16019
rpl.rpl_invoked_features 'innodb,mix'    [ pass ]   1677
rpl.rpl_invoked_features 'innodb,row'    [ pass ]   3516
rpl.rpl_invoked_features 'innodb,stmt'   [ pass ]   1609
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
```
- `gdb` option will be added during the merge

- Updated combination example to use `innodb_plugin`
```
$ ./mysql-test/mtr rpl.rpl_invoked_features # no rpl.rpl_invoked_features,mix,xtradb_plugin

worker[1] Using MTR_BUILD_THREAD 300, with reserved ports 16000..16019
rpl.rpl_invoked_features 'innodb_plugin,mix' [ pass ]    904
rpl.rpl_invoked_features 'mix,xtradb'    [ pass ]   1707
rpl.rpl_invoked_features 'innodb_plugin,row' [ pass ]    927
rpl.rpl_invoked_features 'row,xtradb'    [ pass ]    828
rpl.rpl_invoked_features 'innodb_plugin,stmt' [ pass ]    855
rpl.rpl_invoked_features 'stmt,xtradb'   [ pass ]    952
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
```
- `gdb` option can take optional gdb arguments (good documentation in
KB)

Some functions on ha_partition call functions on all partitions, but handler->reset() is only called that pruned by m_partitions_to_reset. So Spider didn't clear pointer on unpruned partitions, if the unpruned partitions are used by next query, Spider reference the pointer that is already freed.

To fix this, it is necessary to add an option to exclude the
database with the name "lost+found" from processing (the database
name will be checked by the check_if_skip_database_by_path() or
by the check_if_skip_database() function, and as a result
"lost+found" will be skipped).

In addition, it is necessary to slightly modify the verification
logic in the check_if_skip_database() function.

Also added a new test galera_sst_mariabackup_lost_found.test

fix an error with locked taböes

MDEV-23968 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE .. LIKE (system versioned table) returns error if unique index is defined in the table

- Remove row_start/row_end from keys in fix_create_like();

- Disable manual adding of implicit row_start/row_end to indexes on
  CREATE TABLE. INVISIBLE_SYSTEM fields are unoperable by user;

- Fix memory leak on allocation of Key_part_spec.

PARTITION clause in SELECT means query is non-versioned (see
WITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE in vers_setup_conds()).

vers_setup_conds() expands such query to SYSTEM_TIME_ALL which is then
added to VIEW specification. When VIEW is queried both clauses
PARTITION and FOR SYSTEM_TIME ALL lead to ER_VERS_QUERY_IN_PARTITION
(same place WITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE).

Fix removes FOR SYSTEM_TIME ALL from VIEW by accessing original
SYSTEM_TIME clause: the one specified in parser. As a side-effect
EXPLAIN SELECT displays SYSTEM_TIME specified in SELECT which is
user-friendly.

For join to work correctly versioning condition must be added to table
on_expr. Without that JOIN_CACHE gets expression (1)

  trigcond(xtitle.row_end = TIMESTAMP'2038-01-19 06:14:07.999999') and
  trigcond(xtitle.elementId = x.`id` and xtitle.pkey = 'title')

instead of (2)

  trigcond(xtitle.elementId = x.`id` and xtitle.pkey = 'title')

for join_null_complements(). It is NULL-row of xtitle for
complementing the join and the above comparisons of course FALSE, but
trigcond (Item_func_trig_cond) makes them TRUE via its trig_var
property which is bound to some boolean properties of JOIN_TAB.

Expression (2) evaluated to TRUE because its trig_var is bound to
first_inner_tab->not_null_compl. The expression (1) does not evaluate
correctly because row_end comparison's trig_var is bound to
first_inner->found earlier. As a result JOIN_CACHE::check_match()
skipped the row for join_null_complements().

When we add versioning condition to table's on_expr the optimizer in
make_join_select() distributes conditions differently. tmp_cond
inherits on_expr value and in Good case it is full expression

xgender.elementId = x.`id` and xgender.pkey = 'gender' and
xgender.row_end = TIMESTAMP'2038-01-19 06:14:07.999999'

while in Bad case it is only

xgender.elementId = x.`id` and xgender.pkey = 'gender'.

Later in Good row_end condition is optimized out and we get one
trigcond in form of (2).

- This issue is caused by commit a4948daf.
Purge doesn't free the externally stored page associated with the
last record of the root page. In that case, purge thread does empty
the root page and leads to more orphaned blob page in the tablespace.
Purge thread should free the blob even for the last record of the
root page.

Reviewed-by: Marko Mäkelä

Analysis: When we reach the maximum limit to examine rows killed_state is set
as ABORT. But this isn't an actual error and we still return TRUE. This
eventually sets error as UNKNOWN ERROR.
Fix: Check if need to stop execution by checking the killed state. If we have
to abort it, return false because this isn't an actual error.

is_bulk_op())' fails on UPDATE on a partitioned table with subquery
(MySQL:71630)

Analysis and fix: Error is not checked. So correct error state is not returned.
Fix: Check for error and return the error state.

Diagnostics_area::set_error_status

Analysis: When strict mode is enabled, all warnings are converted to errors
including those which do not occur because of bad data.
Fix: Query should not be aborted when we have warning because limit to
examine rows was reached because it doesn't happen due to bad data.
So thd->abort_on_warning should be false.

MDEV-13318 introduced a condition to Mariabackup that can cause it to
hang if the server goes idle after writing a log block that has no
payload after the 12-byte header. Normal recovery in log0recv.cc would
allow blocks with exactly 12 bytes of length, and only reject blocks
where the length field is shorter than that.

This issue is caused by the commit af40a2b4.
In btr_search_update_hash_on_insert(), btr_search_sys->hash_tables
is being accessed without taking proper ahi latch. During buffer pool
resizing, btr_get_search_table() is being accessed and it leads to
segmentation fault.

Reviewed-by: Marko Mäkelä

Problem:
=======
 InnoDB allows virtual index to be referenced index in foreign key
relations. While dropping the virtual column, Inplace alter does
allow the table to be closed and open it using table name to
update dict_table_t::v_cols. While loading the table, it doesn't
allow any error to be ignored. InnoDB can't find the referenced
virtual index and fails to load the table during Inplace alter.

Solution:
=========
  During inplace alter, ignore the foreign key error while loading
the table.

Reviewed-by: Marko Mäkelä

Made cleanup of DROP (udf) FUNCTION procedure and also check of mysql.func (not only loaded udf).

MDEV-16676 Using malloc-lib=jemalloc in MariaDB 10.2 causes non-critical error about missing mysql_config on startup

- This commit is based on patch 84fe9720a4d2483ff67b6a and suggestion of
Jean Weisbuch to use `ldconfig -p`
- Format of ldconfig output:
"libjemalloc.so.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjemalloc.so.1"

```
$ ./scripts/mysqld_safe
201013 13:36:50 mysqld_safe Adding '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjemalloc.so.1' to LD_PRELOAD for mysqld
201013 13:36:50 mysqld_safe Logging to '/home/anel/builds/data-10.5/mysqld_safe_anel.err'.
201013 13:36:50 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /home/anel/builds/data-10.5
```
Reviewed by: Daniel Black, Faustin Lammler

Instead of pointlessly waiting for a page flush to occur, take
the matter into our own hands and request an explicit flush.
Also, test with the minimum necessary amount of data (0 or 1 rows)
so that both page encryption and decryption will be exercised.

This also fixes some issues with
MDEV-23730 s3.replication_partition 'innodb,mix' segv

The problem was that mysql_change_partitions() closes all handler files
in case of error, which was not properly reflected in
fast_alter_partition_table(). This caused handle_alter_part_error() to
try to close already closed tables, which caused the crash.

Fixed fast_alter_partion_table() to reflect when tables are opened.
I also fixed that ha_partition::change_partitions() resets m_new_file in
case of errors.
Either of the above changes fixes the issue, but both are needed to ensure
that the code works as expected.

- row_search_mvcc() should return DB_INTERRUPTED when it got killed.
- Add a syncpoint for the ICP check.
- Add test coverage for killed-during-ICP-check scenario

Backport of MDEV-22761 fixes for ICP from 10.4 commits:
* a6f95648
* c03885cd

XtraDB was fixed in deb3b9a1

Reviewer: Daniel Black

This fix removes from the list of disabled tests all
tests that were fixed by the patch for MDEV-21770.

This patch fixes several flaws in the SST scripts that cause
failures while running tests that use version 6 IP addresses
for cluster nodes.

First, if the netcat utility is used for streaming (but not socat),
then in accordance with its command line syntax, we need to remove
the square brackets around the IPv6 address. However, for socat,
the address must contain square brackets, as before.

Secondly, if an IPv6 address is used, then from the joiner side for
a number of systems (such as Debian) we need to explicitly specify
the "-6" option, otherwise a listening socket with an IPv6 address
may not be created.

This patch also contains code improvements in the wsrep_sst_common.
Changed the code that pars the connection address - fixed the
shortcomings that sometimes led to incorrect parsing of parameters
when using shells other than the latest versions of bash.

Also, this patch removes the duplicate code that is intended
for parsing the connection address and which was located in the
wsrep_sst_mariabackup file, since all the necessary actions have
already been done in wsrep_sst_common and there they are done in
such a way that any shell is supported, not just bash.

The fix does not require separate tests, since all the
necessary tests are already present in the galera_3nodes suite.
On the contrary, after this fix, tests using IPv6 addresses can
be removed from the disabled list (this will be done in a separate
commit related to MDEV-23659).

As MariaDB tables are expected in a fixed order, the cross upgrade
previously placed roles, default_role and max_statement_time after
now unused mysql-5.7 columns.

Test:

$ cp -a /usr/local/mysql-5.7.31/data/ /tmp/m57data
$ sql/mysqld --no-defaults --skip-networking --datadir=/tmp/m57data  --socket=/tmp/${PWD##*/}.sock   --verbose --lc-messages-dir=$PWD/sql/share
2020-10-02 11:02:05 140135193212864 [Note] sql/mysqld (mysqld 10.2.34-MariaDB) starting as process 1457667 ...
2020-10-02 11:02:05 140135193212864 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic built

$ client/mysql_upgrade --no-defaults -u root -pbob  -S /tmp/build-mariadb-server-10.2.sock
MySQL upgrade detected
Phase 1/7: Checking and upgrading mysql database
Processing databases
mysql
mysql.columns_priv                                 OK
mysql.db                                           OK
mysql.engine_cost                                  OK
mysql.event                                        OK
mysql.func                                         OK
mysql.gtid_executed                                OK
mysql.help_category                                OK
mysql.help_keyword                                 OK
mysql.help_relation                                OK
mysql.help_topic                                   OK
mysql.innodb_index_stats                           OK
mysql.innodb_table_stats                           OK
mysql.ndb_binlog_index                             OK
mysql.plugin                                       OK
mysql.proc                                         OK
mysql.procs_priv                                   OK
mysql.proxies_priv                                 OK
mysql.server_cost                                  OK
mysql.servers                                      OK
mysql.slave_master_info                            OK
mysql.slave_relay_log_info                         OK
mysql.slave_worker_info                            OK
mysql.tables_priv                                  OK
mysql.time_zone                                    OK
mysql.time_zone_leap_second                        OK
mysql.time_zone_name                               OK
mysql.time_zone_transition                         OK
mysql.time_zone_transition_type                    OK
mysql.user                                         OK
Upgrading from a version before MariaDB-10.1
Phase 2/7: Installing used storage engines

Result:

| user  | CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `User` char(80) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `Password` char(41) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `Select_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Insert_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Update_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Delete_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Create_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Drop_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Reload_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Shutdown_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Process_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `File_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Grant_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `References_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Index_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Alter_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Show_db_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Super_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Create_tmp_table_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Lock_tables_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Execute_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Repl_slave_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Repl_client_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Create_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Show_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Create_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Alter_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Create_user_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Event_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Trigger_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Create_tablespace_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `ssl_type` enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `ssl_cipher` blob NOT NULL,
  `x509_issuer` blob NOT NULL,
  `x509_subject` blob NOT NULL,
  `max_questions` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `max_updates` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `max_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `max_user_connections` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `plugin` char(64) CHARACTER SET latin1 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `authentication_string` text COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `password_expired` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `is_role` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `default_role` char(80) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `max_statement_time` decimal(12,6) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0.000000,
  `password_last_changed` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `password_lifetime` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
  `account_locked` enum('N','Y') COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`User`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Users and global privileges' |

MariaDB [(none)]>  CREATE ROLE `aRole`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SET ROLE `aRole`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SET ROLE `aRole`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT `User`, `is_role` FROM `mysql`.`user`;
+---------------+---------+
| User          | is_role |
+---------------+---------+
| root          | N       |
| mysql.session | N       |
| mysql.sys     | N       |
| dan           | N       |
| aRole         | Y       |
+---------------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Reviewer: Anel Husakovic

MDEV-23960 UBSAN ../storage/innobase/buf/buf0buddy.cc:350:6: runtime error: index 4096 out of bounds for type 'byte [38]'

Reviewed by: Marko Mäkelä

Copying generated data from the sequence engine should be faster
than copying from MyISAM to MyISAM.

Reviewed by: Sergei Petrunia

minor fixes of rpl_start_stop_slave and rpl_slave_grp_exec tests, expanding rpl_gtid_delete_domain for easier later analysis