This is a code cleanup.

The implementation of a storage engine (subclasses of handler) is not supposed
to call my_error() directly inside the engine implementation, 
but only return error codes, and report errors later at the demand
of the sql layer only (if needed), using handler::print_error().

This fix removes misplaced calls to my_error(),
and provide an implementation of print_error() instead.

Given that the sql layer implementation of create table, ha_create_table(),
does not use print_error() but returns ER_CANT_CREATE_TABLE directly,
the return code for create table statements using the performance schema
has changed to ER_CANT_CREATE_TABLE.

Adjusted the test suite accordingly.

Before this fix, the test thread_cache failed with spurious failures.

The test used:
-- disconnect X
-- connect Y

while assuming that connection Y would reuse connection X slot in the thread cache.

For this to happen, the disconnect X operation must be given enough time to complete,
otherwise connect Y can be executed in the server before X actually finishes.

This fix uses wait conditions to make the test execution more controlled,
and more reproductible.

Before this fix, the test myisam_file_io executed:
- (a) an update on setup_instrument to disable non myisam file io instruments
- (b) a truncate on events_waits_history_long
and later
- (c) a select on events_waits_history_long

Surprisingly, events that were supposed to be disabled in (a) and removed in (b)
still were found in (c).

This happened for events such as 
  wait/io/file/innodb/innodb_data_file fil0fil.c: sync  
because the sync was started before (a) and completed after (b),
and as a consequence was added in the performance schema history, as expected.

Presence of these records in the history made the test fail. 

This fix makes the test script more robust to account for extra spill waits records in (c).

Fixing the testcase to use the database name
as connected_db instead of 'test' database.

mysql-test/r/mysql.result:
  Additional fix in the test for bug#54899.
mysql-test/t/mysql.test:
  Additional fix in the test for bug#54899.

The problem was due to a misuse of GCC asm constraints used to
implement a atomic load. On x86_64, the load was implemented
as a cmpxchg which implicitly uses the eax register as a
source and destination operand, yet the dummy value used for
comparison wasn't being properly loaded into eax (and other
problems).

The core problem is that cmpxchg is unnecessary as a load
on x86_64 as there are other simpler instructions such
as xadd. Even though, such instructions are only used to
have a memory barrier as load and stores are atomic by
definition. Hence, the solution is to explicitly issue the
required CPU and compiler barriers.

include/atomic/x86-gcc.h:
  Issue a synchronizing instruction before loading the value.
  Afterwards, issue a compiler barrier to prevent reordering.

integral type. Use intptr which is designed to hold pointer values
and pass it to off_t.

mysys/stacktrace.c:
  Add a compile time assert to ensure that off_t is large enough
  to hold the pointer value.

metadata"

Improved error handling such that queries against Information_Schema.Tables won't
fail if a federated table can't make a remote connection.

mysql-test/r/lock_multi.result:
  Updated with warnings that were previously masked.
mysql-test/r/mdl_sync.result:
  Updated with warnings that were previously masked.
mysql-test/r/merge.result:
  Updated with warnings that were previously masked.
mysql-test/r/show_check.result:
  Updated with warnings that were previously masked.
mysql-test/r/view.result:
  Updated with warnings that were previously masked.
mysql-test/suite/federated/federated_bug_35333.result:
  New test results for bug#35333
mysql-test/suite/federated/federated_bug_35333.test:
  New test or bug#35333
sql/sql_show.cc:
  If get_schema_tables_record() encounters an error, push a warning,
  set the TABLE COMMENT column with the error text, and clear the
  error so that the operation can continue.

the DROP statement ..."
      
Problem: When using temporary tables and closing a session, an
implicit DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS is written to the binary
log (while cleaning up the context of the session THD - see:
sql_class.cc:THD::cleanup which calls close_temporary_tables).
     
close_temporary_tables, first checks if the binary log is opened
and then proceeds to creating the DROP statements. Then, such
statements, are written to the binary log through
MYSQL_BIN_LOG::write(Log_event *). Inside, there is another check
if the binary log is opened and if not an error is returned. This
is where the faulty behavior is triggered. Given that the test
case replays a binary log, with temp tables statements, and right
after it issues RESET MASTER, there is a chance that is_open will
report false (when the mysql session is closed and the temporary
tables are written).
      
is_open may return false, because MYSQL_BIN_LOG::reset_logs is
not setting the correct flag (LOG_CLOSE_TO_BE_OPENED), on the
MYSQL_LOG_BIN::log_state (instead it sets just the
LOG_CLOSE_INDEX flag, leaving the log_state to
LOG_CLOSED). Thence, when writing the DROP statement as part of
the THD::cleanup, the thread could get a return value of false
for is_open - inside MYSQL_BIN_LOG::write, ultimately reporting
that it can't write the event to the binary log.
      
Fix: We fix this by adding the correct flag, missing in the
second close.

mysql-test/r/show_check.result:
  Fixed corrupted result file

metadata"
            
Improved error handling such that queries against Information_Schema.Tables won't
fail if a federated table can't make a remote connection.

mysql-test/r/merge.result:
  Updated with warnings that were previously masked.
mysql-test/r/show_check.result:
  Updated with warnings that were previously masked.
mysql-test/r/view.result:
  Updated with warnings that were previously masked.
sql/sql_show.cc:
  If get_schema_tables_record() encounters an error, push a warning,
  set the TABLE COMMENT column with the error text, and clear the
  error so that the operation can continue.

Improved error handling such that queries against Information_Schema.Tables won't
fail if a Federated table is unable to connect to remote host.



sql/sql_show.cc:
  If Handler::Info() fails, save error text in TABLE COMMENTS column, clear error.

will not display "indicated result file not found" due to wrongly named
var directory.

It is not necessary to support INSERT DELAYED for a single value insert,
while we do not support that for multi-values insert when binlog is
enabled in SBR.

The lock_type is upgrade to TL_WRITE from TL_WRITE_DELAYED for
INSERT DELAYED for single value insert as multi-values insert
did when binlog is enabled. Then it's safe. And binlog it as
INSERT without DELAYED.

mysql-test/extra/binlog_tests/binlog_insert_delayed.test:
  Added test case for bug#57666.
mysql-test/suite/binlog/r/binlog_row_binlog.result:
  Updated for bug#57666
mysql-test/suite/binlog/r/binlog_statement_insert_delayed.result:
  Updated for bug#57666
mysql-test/suite/binlog/r/binlog_stm_binlog.result:
  Updated for bug#57666
mysql-test/suite/rpl/r/rpl_stm_insert_delayed.result:
  Updated for bug#57666
sql/sql_insert.cc:
  Updated code for the following things:
  1. Upgrade the lock_type to TL_WRITE from TL_WRITE_DELAYED
  for INSERT DELAYED for single value insert as multi-values
  insert did when binlog is enabled.
  2. Clear code to not binlog INSERT DELAYED STMT in SBR.
  3. Get rid of privilege check for log_on.

When using BINLOG statement to execute rows log events, session variables
foreign_key_checks and unique_checks are changed temporarily.  As each rows
log event has their own special session environment and its own
foreign_key_checks and unique_checks can be different from current session
which executing the BINLOG statement. But these variables are not restored
correctly after BINLOG statement. This problem will cause that the following
statements fail or generate unexpected data.

In this patch, code is added to backup and restore these two variables.
So BINLOG statement will not affect current session's variables again.


mysql-test/extra/binlog_tests/binlog.test:
  Add test to verify this patch.
mysql-test/suite/binlog/r/binlog_row_binlog.result:
  Add test to verify this patch.
mysql-test/suite/binlog/r/binlog_stm_binlog.result:
  Add test to verify this patch.
sql/sql_binlog.cc:
  Add code to backup and restore thd->options.

it needs curses.h to be included before term.h
on Solaris Express 11

The problem is that the logic which checks if a pointer is
valid relies on a poor heuristic based on the start and end
addresses of the data segment and heap.

Apart from miscalculating the heap bounds, this approach also
suffers from the fact that memory can come from places other
than the heap. See Bug#58528 for a more detailed explanation.

On Linux, the solution is to access the process's memory
through /proc/self/task/<tid>/mem, which allows for retrieving
the contents of pages within the virtual address space of
the calling process. If a address range is not mapped, a
input/output error is returned.

client/mysqltest.cc:
  Use new interface to my_safe_print_str.
include/my_stacktrace.h:
  Drop name from my_safe_print_str.
mysys/stacktrace.c:
  Access the process's memory through a file descriptor and
  dump the contents of the memory range. The file descriptor
  offset is equivalent to a offset into the address space.
  
  Do not print the name of the variable associated with the
  address. It can be better accomplished at a higher level.
sql/mysqld.cc:
  Put the variable dumping information within its own newline block.
  Use symbolic names which better convey information to the user.