MDEV-20605 Awaken transaction can miss inserted by other transaction records due to wrong persistent cursor restoration

sel_restore_position_for_mysql() moves forward persistent cursor
position after btr_pcur_restore_position() call if cursor relative position
is BTR_PCUR_ON and the cursor points to the record with NOT the same field
values as in a stored record(and some other not important for this case
conditions).

It was done because btr_pcur_restore_position() sets
page_cur_mode_t mode  to PAGE_CUR_LE for cursor->rel_pos ==  BTR_PCUR_ON
before opening cursor. So we are searching for the record less or equal
to stored one. And if the found record is not equal to stored one, then
it is less and we need to move cursor forward.

But there can be a situation when the stored record was purged, but the
new one with the same key but different value was inserted while
row_search_mvcc() was suspended. In this case, when the thread is
awaken, it will invoke sel_restore_position_for_mysql(), which, in turns,
invoke btr_pcur_restore_position(), which will return false because found
record don't match stored record, and
sel_restore_position_for_mysql() will move forward cursor position.

The above can lead to the case when awaken row_search_mvcc() do not see
records inserted by other transactions while it slept. The mtr test case
shows the example how it can be.

The fix is to return special value from persistent cursor restoring
function which would notify its caller that uniq fields of restored
record and stored record are the same, and in this case
sel_restore_position_for_mysql() don't move cursor forward.

Delete-marked records are correctly processed in row_search_mvcc().
Non-unique secondary indexes are "uniquified" by adding the PK, the
index->n_uniq should then be index->n_fields. So there is no need in
additional checks in the fix.

If transaction's readview can't see the changes made in secondary index
record, it requests clustered index record in row_search_mvcc() to check
its transaction id and get the correspondent record version. After this
row_search_mvcc() commits mtr to preserve clustered index latching
order, and starts mtr. Between those mtr commit and start secondary
index pages are unlatched, and purge has the ability to remove stored in
the cursor record, what causes rows duplication in result set for
non-locking reads, as cursor position is restored to the previously
visited record.

To solve this the changes are just switched off for non-locking reads,
it's quite simple solution, besides the changes don't make sense for
non-locking reads.

The more complex and effective from performance perspective solution is
to create mtr savepoint before clustered record requesting and rolling
back to that savepoint after that. See MDEV-27557.

One more solution is to have per-record transaction id for secondary
indexes. See MDEV-17598.

If any of those is implemented, just remove select_lock_type argument in
sel_restore_position_for_mysql().

Before commit 86dc7b4d (MDEV-24626)
all tablespace ID that needed recovery were known already in
recv_init_crash_recovery_spaces().

recv_sys_t::recover_deferred(): Invoke fil_names_dirty(space) on
the newly initialized tablespace. In this way, if the next log
checkpoint occurs at some LSN that is after the initialization of
the tablespace and before the last recovered LSN, a FILE_MODIFY
record will be written, so that a subsequent recovery will succeed.

The recovery was broken when
commit 0261eac5 merged the 10.5
commit f443cd11 (MDEV-27022).

Fixed inlining flags. Remove /Ob1 added by CMake for RelWithDebInfo.
(the actual compiler default is /Ob2 if optimizations are enabled)

Allow to define custom /Ob flag with new variable MSVC_INLINE, if desired

- regression got revealed while running tpcc workload.

- as part of MDEV-25919 changes logic for statistics computation was revamped.

- if the table has changed to certain threshold then table is added to
  statistics recomputation queue (dict_stats_recalc_pool_add)

- after the table is added to queue the background statistics thread is
  notified

- during revamp the condition to notify background statistics threads was
  wrongly updated to check if the queue/vector is empty when it should
  check if there is queue/vector has entries to process.

- vec.begin() == vec.end() : only when vector is empty

- also accessing these iterator outside the parallely changing vector is not
  safe

- fix now tend to notify background statistics thread if the logic adds
  an entry to the queue/vector.

MDEV-27746 Wrong comparision of BLOB's empty preffix with non-preffixed BLOB causes rows count mismatch for clustered and secondary indexes during non-locking read

row_sel_sec_rec_is_for_clust_rec() treats empty BLOB prefix field in
secondary index as a field equal to any external BLOB field in clustered
index. Row_sel_get_clust_rec_for_mysql::operator() doesn't zerro out
clustered record pointer in row_search_mvcc(), and row_search_mvcc()
thinks that delete-marked secondary index record has visible for
"CHECK TABLE"'s read view old-versioned clustered index record, and
row_scan_index_for_mysql() counts it as a row.

The fix is to execute row_sel_sec_rec_is_for_blob() in
row_sel_sec_rec_is_for_clust_rec() if clustered field contains BLOB's
reference.

While building on GNU/Hurd and kfreebsd.

On the C++ standard uintptr_t can be defined in <cstdint>
ref: https://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cstdint/

Fixes: 0d44792a

The asserion failure was caused by this query

  select /*id=1*/ from t1
  where
   col= ( select /*id=2*/ from ... where corr_cond1
          union
          select /*id=4*/ from ... where corr_cond2)

Here,
- select with id=2 was correlated due to corr_cond1.
- select with id=4 was initially correlated due to corr_cond2, but then
  the optimizer optimized away the correlation, making the select with id=4
  uncorrelated.

However, since select with id=2 remained correlated, the execution had to
re-compute the whole UNION. When it tried to execute select with id=4, it
hit an assertion  (join buffer already free'd).

This is because select with id=4 has freed its execution structures after
it has been executed once. The select is uncorrelated, so it did not expect
it would need to be executed for the second time.

Fixed this by adding this logic in
st_select_lex::optimize_unflattened_subqueries():

  If a member of a UNION is correlated, mark all its members as
  correlated, so that they are prepared to be executed multiple times.

Fixed tpool::pread() and tpool::pwrite() to return SSIZE_T on Windows,
so that huge numbers are not converted to negatives.

Also, make sure to never attempt reading/writing more bytes than
DWORD can accomodate (4G)

don't let Aria create a table that it cannot open

use the correct check. before invoking handler methods we
need to know that the table was opened, not only created.

Do not assume that subquery Item always present.

fix a debug assert to account for not opened temp tables

Removed all dependencies of command line arguments based on positions in
an array (this kind of code should never have been written).
Instead use option names, which are stable.

Reviewer: Sergei Golubchik

mtr_t::is_block_dirtied(), mtr_t::memo_push(): Never set m_made_dirty
for pages of the temporary tablespace. Ever since
commit 5eb53955
we never add those pages to buf_pool.flush_list.

mtr_t::commit(): Implement part of mtr_t::prepare_write() here,
and avoid acquiring log_sys.mutex if no log is written.
During IMPORT TABLESPACE fixup, we do not write log, but we must
add pages to buf_pool.flush_list and for that, be prepared
to acquire log_sys.flush_order_mutex.

mtr_t::do_write(): Replaces mtr_t::prepare_write().