MDEV-33767: Memory leaks found in some tests run with --ps-protocol against a server built with the option -DWITH_PROTECT_STATEMENT_MEMROOT

Found memory leaks were introduced by the commit
  a896bebf
  MDEV-18844 Implement EXCEPT ALL and INTERSECT ALL operations
and caused by using a statement arena instead a runtime arena for
allocation of objects having temporary life span by their nature.
Aforementioned memory leaks were produced by running queries
that typically use select with intersect, union or table values
constructors.

To fix these memory leaks use the runtime arena for allocation
of Item_field objects used by set operations.

Additionally, OOM handling added on allocation of aforementioned
Item_field objects.

Test case doesn't work on embedded builds.

$MYSQL_TZINFO_TO_SQL works by truncating tables. Truncation is an
operation that cannot be done in-place and therefore is fundamentally
incompatible with alter_algorithm='INPLACE'. As a result, we override
the default alter_algorithm setting in tztime.cc to
alter_algorithm='COPY' so that timezones can be loaded regardless
of the previously set alter_algorithm.

All new code of the whole pull request, including one or several files
that are either new files or modified ones, are contributed under the
BSD-new license. I am contributing on behalf of my employer
Amazon Web Services, Inc.

wait for all previous connections to disconnect and for all previous
queries to finish running

This reverts commit 8b3f470c.

because it doesn't work, the test still fails, and even more than before

as a side effect --replace and --error now work for shutdown command

plugin var check function must store the new variable value in *save

when the execution is very slow, under valgrind,
the event might manage to fire more than once, making the
test to fail

need at least 2.4 because we use
per-type %destructor that was added after 2.3 in 2.3a

perfschema aggregation, like SHOW STATUS, is only statistically correct.
It doesn't use atomics for performance reasons and might miss individual
increments, particularly when two connections are disconnecting at the
same time.

To have stable results tests should avoid doing it.

disable approximate math in icx.
and disable ansi aliasing too (aria loghandler unit tests fail)

apply the fix from MXS-4686

Item_func_group_concat::print() did not take into account
that Item_func_group_concat::separator can be of a different character set
than the "String *str" (when the printing is being done to).
Therefore, printing did not work correctly for:
- non-ASCII separators when GROUP_CONCAT is done on 8bit data
  or multi-byte data with mbminlen==1.
- all separators (even including simple ones like comma)
  when GROUP_CONCAT is done on ucs2/utf16/utf32 data (mbminlen>1).

Because of this problem, VIEW definitions did not print correctly to
their FRM files. This later led to a wrong SELECT and SHOW CREATE output.

Fix:

- Adding new String methods:

  bool append_for_single_quote_using_mb_wc(const char *str, size_t length,
                                           CHARSET_INFO *cs);

  bool append_for_single_quote_opt_convert(const char *str,
                                           size_t length,
                                           CHARSET_INFO *cs)

  which perform both escaping and character set conversion at the same time.

- Adding a new String method escaped_wc_for_single_quote(),
  to reuse the code between the old and the new methods.

- Fixing Item_func_group_concat::print() to use the new
  method append_for_single_quote_opt_convert().

Queries that select concatenated constant strings now have
colname and value that match.  For example,
  SELECT '123' 'x';
will return a result where the column name and value both
are '123x'.

Review: Daniel Black

.. even with MDEV-9095 fix

CapabilityBounding sets require filesystem setcap attributes
for the executable to gain privileges during execution.

A side effect of this however is the getauxvec(AT_SECURE) gets
set, and the secure_getenv from OpenSSL internals on
OPENSSL_CONF environment variable will get ignored (openssl gh issue
21770).

According to capabilities(7), Ambient capabilities don't trigger
ld.so triggering the secure execution mode.

Include SELinux and Apparmor capabilities for ipc_lock

This was the orginal implementation that reverted with a bunch of
commits.

This reverts commit a13e521b.

Revert "cmake: append to the array correctly"
This reverts commit 51e3f1da.

Revert "build failure with cmake < 3.10"
This reverts commit 49cf702e.

Revert "MDEV-33301 memlock with systemd still not working"
This reverts commit 8a1904d7.

MDEV-32787 : Assertion `!wsrep_has_changes(thd) || (thd->lex->sql_command == SQLCOM_CREATE_TABLE && !thd->is_current_stmt_binlog_format_row()) || thd->wsrep_cs().transaction().state() == wsrep::transaction::s_aborted' failed in void wsrep_commit_empty(THD*, bool)

When we commit empty transaction we should allow wsrep
transaction to be on s_must_replay state for DDL that
was killed during certification.

Fix is tested with RQG because deterministic mtr-testcase
was not found.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

MONITOR_INC_VALUE_CUMULATIVE is a multiline macro, so the second statement
will be executed always, regardless of "if" condition.

These problems first started with
commit b1ab211d (MDEV-15053).

Thanks to Yury Chaikou from ServiceNow for the report.

Make WITHOUT_DYNAMIC_PLUGINS ignore mrooonga also in its own DIY version
of MYSQL_ADD_PLUGIN

Postfix on 51e3f1da that
mariadbd should be the executable name rather than capabilities
on a symlink.

Let us skip the recently added test main.mysql-interactive if
an instrumented ncurses library is not available.

In InnoDB, let us work around an uninstrumented libnuma, by
declaring that the objects returned by numa_get_mems_allowed()
are initialized.

Starting with clang-16, MemorySanitizer appears to check that
uninitialized values not be passed by value nor returned.
Previously, it was allowed to copy uninitialized data in such cases.

get_foreign_key_info(): Remove a local variable that was passed
uninitialized to a function.

DsMrr_impl: Initialize key_buffer, because DsMrr_impl::dsmrr_init()
is reading it.

test_bind_result_ext1(): MYSQL_TYPE_LONG is 32 bits, hence we must
use a 32-bit type, such as int. sizeof(long) differs between
LP64 and LLP64 targets.

Signed-off-by: Kristian Nielsen <knielsen@knielsen-hq.org>

This patch makes the server wait for the manager thread to actually start
before proceeding with server startup.

Without this, if thread scheduling is really slow and the server shutdowns
quickly, then it is possible that the manager thread is not yet started when
shutdown_performance_schema() is called. If the manager thread starts at just
the wrong moment and just before the main server reaches exit(), the thread
can try to access no longer available performance schema data. This was seen
as occasional assertion in the main.bootstrap test.

As an additional improvement, make sure to run all pending actions before
exiting the manager thread.
Reviewed-by: Monty <monty@mariadb.org>
Signed-off-by: Kristian Nielsen <knielsen@knielsen-hq.org>

it was generating broken spec files

eliminate_item_equal() uses quick_fix_field() for Item objects it creates.
It computes some of their attributes on its own (see update_used_tables()
call) but it doesn't update not_null_tables_cache.

Recompute not_null_tables_cache also. Not computing it is currently
harmless, except for producing MSAN error when some other code
propagates the wrong value of not_null_tables_cache to other item.

cmake bug #14362

- Suppress the "Difficult to find free blocks" warning
globally to avoid many different test case failing.

- Demote the error information in validate_first_page() to note.
So first page can recovered from doublewrite buffer and can throw
error in case the page wasn't found in doublewrite buffer.

when changing charset from latin1 to utf8, adjust max_length accordingly

Follow-up to fix comiler warings caused by present of
the clause override in declaration of the method Item_param::cleanup

UPDATE statement that is run in PS mode and uses positional parameter
handles columns declared with the clause DEFAULT NULL incorrectly in
case the clause DEFAULT is passed as actual value for the positional
parameter of the prepared statement. Similar issue happens in case
an expression specified in the DEFAULT clause of table's column definition.

The reason for incorrect processing of columns declared as DEFAULT NULL
is that setting of null flag for a field being updated was missed
in implementation of the method Item_param::assign_default().
The reason for incorrect handling of an expression in DEFAULT clause is
also missed saving of a field inside implementation of the method
Item_param::assign_default().

signal_hand(): Remove the cmake -DWITH_DBUG_TRACE=ON instrumentation.
It can cause a crash on shutdown when the only other thread is
waiting in wait_for_signal_thread_to_end().