MDEV-24135: Print warnings in XML, save test retries in XML, save the combinations in XML, replace the special symbols in the XML comment

At the second execution of the PS
1. mark_as_dependent() is called with the same parameters as at the first
   execution (select#4 and select#3)
2. as outer_select (select#3) has been already merged at the first
   execution of PS it cannot be reached using the outer_select() function
   anymore (and so can not stop iteration).
3. as a result all selects towards the top level select including the
   select for 'ca' are marked as uncacheable.
4. Marked uncacheable it executed incorrectly triggering filling its
   temporary table several times and using freed memory at the end.

To avoid the problem we use name resolution context to go "up".

NOTE: problem also exists in 10.2 but has no visible effect on execution.
That is why the problem is fixed in 10.2.

The patch also add debug logging of important procedures and
better specify parameters types of st_select_lex::mark_as_dependent.

MDEV-25108: Running of the EXPLAIN EXTENDED statement produces extra warning in case it is executed in PS (prepared statement) mode

The EXPLAIN EXTENDED statement run as a prepared statement can produce extra
warning comparing with a case when EXPLAIN EXTENDED statement is run as
a regular statement. For example, the following test case
  CREATE TABLE t1 (c int);
  CREATE TABLE t2 (d int);
  EXPLAIN EXTENDED SELECT (SELECT 1 FROM t2 WHERE d = c) FROM t1;

produces the extra warning
  "Field or reference 'c' of SELECT #2 was resolved in SELECT #1"
in case the above mentioned "EXPLAIN EXTENDED" statement is executed
in PS mode, that is by submitting the following statements:
   PREPARE stmt FROM "EXPLAIN EXTENDED SELECT (SELECT 1 FROM t2 WHERE d = c) FROM t1";
   EXECUTE stmt;

The reason of the extra warning emittion is in a way items
are handled (being fixed) during execution of the JOIN::prepare() method.
The method Item_field::fix_fields() calls the find_field_in_tables()
function in case a field hasn't been associated yet with the item.
Implementation of the find_field_in_tables() function first checks whether
a table containing the required field was already opened and cached.
It is done by checking the data member item->cached_table. This data member
is set on handling the PRERARE FROM statement and checked on executing
the EXECUTE statement. If the data member item->cached_table is set
the find_field_in_tables() function invoked and the
mark_select_range_as_dependent() function called if the field
is an outer referencee. The mark_select_range_as_dependent() function
calls the mark_as_dependent() function that finally invokes
the push_warning_printf() function that produces extra warning.

To fix the issue, calling of push_warning_printf() is elimited in case
it was run indirectly in result of hanlding already opened table from
the Item_field::fix_fields() method.

This commit removes the mtr test galera_sst_mariabackup_encrypt_with_key
from the list of disabled tests because the problem with it has already
been fixed.

Problem:
========
 InnoDB fails to clean the index stub if it fails to add the
virtual index which contains new virtual column. But it clears
the newly virtual column from index in clear_added_indexes()
during inplace_alter_table. On commit, InnoDB evicts and
reload the table. In case of rollback, it doesn't happen.
InnoDB clears the ABORTED index while opening the table
or doing the DDL. In the mean time, InnoDB can access
the dropped virtual index columns while creating prebuilt
or rollback of concurrent DML.

Solution:
==========
(1) InnoDB should maintain newly added virtual column while
rollbacking the newly added virtual index.
(2) InnoDB must not defer the index removal
if the alter table is executed with LOCK=EXCLUSIVE.
(3) For LOCK=SHARED, InnoDB should check whether the table
has any other transaction lock other than alter transaction
before deferring the index stub.

Replaced has_new_v_col with dict_add_vcol_info in dict_index_t to
indicate whether the index has any new virtual column.

dict_index_t::has_new_v_col(): Returns whether the index has
newly added virtual column, it doesn't say which columns are
newly added virtual column

ha_innobase_inplace_ctx::is_new_vcol(): Return whether the
given column is added as a part of the current alter.

ha_innobase_inplace_ctx::clean_new_vcol_index(): Copy the newly
added virtual column to new_vcol_info in dict_index_t. Replace
the column in the index fields with virtual column stored
in new_vcol_info.

dict_index_t::assign_new_v_col(): Store the number of virtual
column added in index as a part of alter table.

dict_index_t::get_n_new_vcol(): Get the number of newly added
virtual column

dict_index_t::assign_drop_v_col(): Allocate the memory for
adding new virtual column in new_vcol_info.

dict_index_t::add_drop_v_col(): Add the newly added virtual
column in new_vcol_info.

dict_table_t::has_lock_for_other_trx(): Whether the table has
any other transaction lock than given transaction.

row_merge_drop_indexes(): Add parameter alter_trx and check
whether the table has any other lock than alter transaction.

When a table has been evicted from dict_sys and reloaded internally by
InnoDB for FOREIGN KEY processing, statistics may not be initialized,
but nevertheless row_update_cascade_for_mysql() could invoke
dict_stats_update_if_needed(). In that case, we cannot really update
the statistics. For tables that have STATS_PERSISTENT=1 and
STATS_AUTO_RECALC=1, ANALYZE TABLE might have to be executed later.

dict_stats_update_if_needed(): Replace the assertion with
a conditional early return.

trx_sys_any_active_transactions(): Remove a bogus debug assertion.
In trx_commit_in_memory() and trx_erase_lists(), we will remove
the transaction from trx_sys->rw_trx_list and set the state to
TRX_STATE_COMMITTED_IN_MEMORY.

MariaDB Server still supports Ubuntu 16.04 "Xenial" until it goes EOL
in April 30, 2021. Thus we need to include a customization for backwards
compatibility.

This change is intended to be applied for all MariaDB versions still
supported, i.e. 10.2 to 10.6.

The auto-increment variables may change intermittently during
the execution of some tests from the Galera mtr suite, causing
these tests to fail. This patch creates conditions in which
unpredictable changes to these variables are not possible
during the execution of those tests in which this problem
is noticed or their values are restored before the end of
testing.

SST scripts for Galera should use the new mariabackup interface
instead of the innobackupex interface, which is currently only
supported for compatibility reasons.

This commit converts the SST script for mariabackup to use the
new interface. It does not need separate tests, as any problems
will be seen as failures when running multiple tests for the
mariabackup-based SST.

change after MDEV-24197)

problems with ambiguous options in the future.

This patch fixes an issue with launching mariabackup during SST
(when used with Galera), when during bootstrap mariabackup receives
the "--innodb" option, which is incorrectly interpreted as shortcut
for "--innodb-force-recovery". This patch does not require separate
test for mtr, as the problem is visible in general testing on
buildbot.

table name for fts diagnostics

	server failure in different, confusing ways

InnoDB fails to free the buffer pool instance mutex and zip mutex
If the allocation of buffer pool instance chunk fails. So it leads
to freeing of buffer pool before freeing the mutexes and
leads to double freeing of memory while freeing the mutex
during shutdown.

Checking for the existence of the systemctl command only tells us that
systemd is installed, however it does not tell us if systemd is running.
What we really want to do here is reload systemd if it's installed AND
if it's running. The usual way to check if systemd is running is to
check for the existence of '/run/systemd/system'.

Why would systemd be installed but not running? This is something that
happens when one sets up or upgrade a system in a chroot or container.

For more details refer to the bug report:
<https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=983563>

Closes PR #1787

InnoDB should skip the dropped aborted FTS_DOC_ID_INDEX while
checking the existing FTS_DOC_ID_INDEX in the table. InnoDB
should able to create new FTS_DOC_ID_INDEX if the fulltext
index is being added for the first time.

also fix index_stats table.

followup for 5a798071

The mariabackup interface currently supports passing a password
through an explicit command line variable, but does not support
passing a password through the MYSQL_PWD environment variable.
At the same time, the Galera SST script for mariabackup uses
the environment variable to pass the password, which leads
(in some cases) to an unsuccessful launch of mariabackup and
to the inability to start the cluster. This patch fixes this
issue. It does not need a separate test, as the problem is
visible in general testing on buildbot.

During the prepare phase of restoring backups, "mariabackup" does
not seem to allow (or recognize) the option "innodb_force_recovery"
for the embedded InnoDB server instance that it starts.

If page corruption observed during page recovery, the prepare step
fails. While this is indeed the correct behavior ideally, allowing
this option to be set in case of emergencies might be useful when
the current backup is the only copy available. Some error messages
during "--prepare" suggest to set "innodb_force_recovery" to 1:

  [ERROR] InnoDB: Set innodb_force_recovery=1 to ignore corruption.

For backwards compatibility, "mariabackup --innobackupex --apply-log"
should also have this option.
Signed-off-by: Srinidhi Kaushik <shrinidhi.kaushik@gmail.com>

Virtual column fields are not found in prebuilt data type, so we should
match InnoDB fields with `get_innobase_type_from_mysql_type` method.
Reviewed-by: Jan Lindström <jan.lindstrom@mariadb.com>

win_bison belongs winflexbison project, which is Windows most up-to-date
bison distro.

Remove an incompletely copied destination file.

- Aborting of fulltext index creation fails to remove the
index from sys indexes table. When we try to reload the
table definition, InnoDB fails with index count mismatch
error. InnoDB should remove the index from sys indexes while
rollbacking the secondary index creation.

- Post push to address 32-bit build failure.

- Importing table operation fails to punch the hole in
the filesystem when page compressed table is involved.
To achieve that, InnoDB firstly punches the hole for
the IOBuffer size(1MB). After that, InnoDB should write
page by page when page compression is involved.

Add condition on trx->state == TRX_STATE_COMMITTED_IN_MEMORY in order to
avoid unnecessary work. If a transaction has already been committed or
rolled back, it will release its locks in lock_release() and let
the waiting thread(s) continue execution.

Let BF wait on lock_rec_has_to_wait and if necessary other BF
is replayed.

wsrep_trx_order_before
  If BF is not even replicated yet then they are ordered
  correctly.

bg_wsrep_kill_trx
  Make sure victim_trx is found and check also its state. If
  state is TRX_STATE_COMMITTED_IN_MEMORY transaction is
  already committed or rolled back and will release it locks
  soon.

wsrep_assert_no_bf_bf_wait
  Transaction requesting new record lock should be TRX_STATE_ACTIVE
  Conflicting transaction can be in states TRX_STATE_ACTIVE,
  TRX_STATE_COMMITTED_IN_MEMORY or in TRX_STATE_PREPARED.
  If conflicting transaction is already committed in memory or
  prepared we should wait. When transaction is committed in memory we
  held trx mutex, but not lock_sys->mutex. Therefore, we
  could end here before transaction has time to do lock_release()
  that is protected with lock_sys->mutex.

lock_rec_has_to_wait
  We very well can let bf to wait normally as other BF will be
  replayed in case of conflict. For debug builds we will do
  additional sanity checks to catch unsupported bf wait if any.

wsrep_kill_victim
  Check is victim already in TRX_STATE_COMMITTED_IN_MEMORY state and
  if it is we can return.

lock_rec_dequeue_from_page
lock_rec_unlock
  Remove unnecessary wsrep_assert_no_bf_bf_wait function calls.
  We can very well let BF wait here.

Amends 48141f3c

This script is unused and unmaintained.

The logic is implemented in scripts/mysql_system_tables_fix.sql that forms part of mysql_upgrade

Its components:

  alter table mysql.user drop column `password_last_changed`, drop column `password_lifetime`, drop column `account_locked`;

has a friendlier migration path coming MDEV-24122

  alter table mysql.user change column `authentication_string` `auth_string` text COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL;

Already part of scripts/mysql_system_tables_fix.sql

  alter table mysql.user add column  `Password` char(41) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '' after `user`, add column  `is_role` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N' after `auth_string`;

  alter table mysql.user add column `default_role` char(80) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', add column `max_statement_time` decimal(12,6) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.000000';

corrected in MDEV-23201 to be in the right order.

  update mysql.user set `password`=`auth_string`, plugin='' where plugin="mysql_native_password";

Is handled in server in the function acl_load.

Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

CREATE/DROP PROCEDIRE/FUNCTION is now treated as DDL.

we need to stop server instance on upgrade, but it may be started either by SysV init script or by SystemD.
this commit adds `mysql` target to `systemctl stop` call.
`mysql` may be the name of initscript or an alias while `mariadb` is
a systemd unit file.