The mysql_install_db script is used to initialize the data directory.
However, if the user needs to apply some customized init commands (for
example to change user or password) they have to start the database
with `--skip-grant-tables` after the install script, and then restart
the database with normal mode.

To make it easier to include customization in the mysql_install_db
script, in this commit, a new parameter `extra-file` is added in
mysql_install_db script to support some extra customized init commands.

With this option we can support applying extra file containing sql for
mysql_install_db command line at runtime, which reduces the complexity
of customized initialization process.

This script is only used for install and is not included in the mtr
bootstrap file.

All new code of the whole pull request, including one or several files
that are either new files or modified ones, are contributed under the
BSD-new license. I am contributing on behalf of my employer Amazon Web
Services, Inc.

As reported in https://github.com/MariaDB/mariadb-docker/issues/338
and later https://github.com/hardkernel/linux/issues/423.

While modern kernels support this, it seems older hardware may be
stuck at kernel versions without this initialization.

Adapted from https://github.com/google/benchmark/pull/833
authored by Sam Elliot at lowRISC.

This requires the RISCV kernel to set the CY bit of the mcountern register
which is done on Linux, but documenting here in case another OS hits
a SIGILL here.

When CY bit of the mcounteren register is unset, reading the cycle register
will cause illegal instruction exception in the next privilege level ( user
mode or supervisor mode ). See the privileged isa manual section 3.1.11 in
https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-manual/releases/latest

InnoDB could sometimes hang when triggering a log checkpoint. This is
due to commit 7b1252c0 (MDEV-24278),
which introduced an untimed wait to buf_flush_page_cleaner().

The hang was noticed by occasional failures of IMPORT TABLESPACE tests,
such as innodb.innodb-wl5522, which would (unnecessarily) invoke
log_make_checkpoint() from row_import_cleanup().

The reason of the hang was that buf_flush_page_cleaner() would enter
untimed sleep despite buf_flush_sync_lsn being set. The exact failure
scenario is unclear, because buf_flush_sync_lsn should actually be
protected by buf_pool.flush_list_mutex. We prevent the hang by
invoking buf_pool.page_cleaner_set_idle(false) whenever we are
setting buf_flush_sync_lsn and signaling buf_pool.do_flush_list.

The bulk of these changes was originally developed as a preparation
for MDEV-26827, to invoke buf_flush_list() from fewer threads,
and tested on 10.6 by Matthias Leich.

This fix was tested by running 100 repetitions of 100 concurrent instances
of the test innodb.innodb-wl5522 on a RelWithDebInfo build, using ext4fs
and innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT on a SATA SSD with 4096-byte block size.
During the test, the call to log_make_checkpoint() in row_import_cleanup()
was present.

buf_flush_list(): Make static.

buf_flush_wait(): Wait for buf_pool.get_oldest_modification()
to reach a target, by work done in the buf_flush_page_cleaner.
If buf_flush_sync_lsn is going to be set, we will invoke
buf_pool.page_cleaner_set_idle(false).

buf_flush_ahead(): If buf_flush_sync_lsn or buf_flush_async_lsn
is going to be set and the page cleaner woken up, we will invoke
buf_pool.page_cleaner_set_idle(false).

buf_flush_wait_flushed(): Invoke buf_flush_wait().

buf_flush_sync(): Invoke recv_sys.apply() at the start in case
crash recovery is active. Invoke buf_flush_wait().

buf_flush_sync_batch(): A lower-level variant of buf_flush_sync()
that is only called by recv_sys_t::apply().

buf_flush_sync_for_checkpoint(): Do not trigger log apply
or checkpoint during recovery.

buf_dblwr_t::create(): Only initiate a buffer pool flush, not
a checkpoint.

row_import_cleanup(): Do not unnecessarily invoke log_make_checkpoint().
Invoking buf_flush_list_space() before starting to generate redo log
for the imported tablespace should suffice.

srv_prepare_to_delete_redo_log_file():
Set recv_sys.recovery_on in order to prevent
buf_flush_sync_for_checkpoint() from initiating a checkpoint
while the log is inaccessible. Remove a wait loop that is already
part of buf_flush_sync().
Do not invoke fil_names_clear() if the log is being upgraded,
because the FILE_MODIFY record is specific to the latest format.

create_log_file(): Clear recv_sys.recovery_on only after calling
log_make_checkpoint(), to prevent buf_flush_page_cleaner from
invoking a checkpoint.

innodb_shutdown(): Simplify the logic in mariadb-backup --prepare.

os_aio_wait_until_no_pending_writes(): Update the function comment.
Apart from row_quiesce_table_start() during FLUSH TABLES...FOR EXPORT,
this is being called by buf_flush_list_space(), which is invoked
by ALTER TABLE...IMPORT TABLESPACE as well as some encryption operations.

Upstream Salsa-CI refactored the build process in
https://salsa.debian.org/salsa-ci-team/pipeline/-/commit/58880fcef5b742cb9c661121a8c8707bf392b3b5

This broke our custom direct invocation of install-build-deps.sh as the
Salsa-CI images no longer contain them. Adapt the .build-script
equivalent to follow new Salsa-CI method so builds work again.

trx_purge_truncate_history(): Avoid a deadlock with
buf_pool_t::release_freed_page(). Page latches are not supposed
to be waited for while holding a mutex like buf_pool.mutex or
buf_pool.flush_list_mutex.

This regression was caused by
commit aaef2e1d (MDEV-27058).
Before that, trx_purge_truncate_history() would buffer-fix the block,
release buf_pool.flush_list_mutex, and then wait for the
exclusive page latch.

This bug led to occasional failures of the test
innodb.undo_truncate_recover.

The reason of the double lock was an extraneous ha_flush_logs().
Unlike the upstream it is unnecessary in Mariadb that exploits a binlog
checkpoint mechanism for not letting PURGE or RESET-MASTER to trouble
transaction recovery. That is in case should a trx
be prepared but its binlog file gone, the trx then is committed on disk too.
Those facts have been always verified by existing tests of

  binlog.binlog_{checkpoint,xa_recover}.test.

A regression test for the bug is included though.

Most of the Facebook contribution
mysql/mysql-server@72d656acdf082d5ead1cc1be84f2fd68ab6a65a9
was removed in
commit 5bea43f5 (MDEV-12353).
Mainly the configuration parameter innodb_compression_level remains.
It had been renamed to page_zip_level in
mysql/mysql-server@5b38f2a712a7077c994c00787b891a7d4ee328df.

Let us directly use the constant 32 in recv_read_in_area().

Cambiar mysql por maria

Adding 10.5 specific tests only. No code change.

The patches for MDEV-21580 and MDEV-22715 fixed this problem.

Fixes main.sp-no-valgrind for valgrind builds not done with BUILD scripts

--version=value was setting sys_var::CONFIG (meaning, the value
came from the config file), but the filename was left as NULL.

MDEV-27184 Assertion `(old_top == initial_top (av) && old_size == 0) || ((unsigned long) (old_size) >= MINSIZE && prev_inuse (old_top) && ((unsigned long) old_end & (pagesize - 1)) == 0)' failed, Assertion `str.alloced_length() >= str.length() + data_len' failed

Spider crashes on a query that inserts some rows including float.
This is because Spider allocates a string of insufficient length.

  This issue is caused by MDEV-24621
(commit 045757af).
InnoDB tries to insert the number of rows into an empty spatial
index table, but it fails to apply the buffered insert.
InnoDB should insert into the spatial index directly instead of
buffering the insert operation.

MDEV-27184 Assertion `(old_top == initial_top (av) && old_size == 0) || ((unsigned long) (old_size) >= MINSIZE && prev_inuse (old_top) && ((unsigned long) old_end & (pagesize - 1)) == 0)' failed, Assertion `str.alloced_length() >= str.length() + data_len' failed

Spider crashes on a query that inserts some rows including float.
This is because Spider allocates a string of insufficient length.

This is the first part of the fixes for MDEV-24097. This commit
contains the fixes for instability when testing Galera and when
restarting nodes quickly:

1) Protection against a "stuck" old SST process during the execution
   of the new SST (after restarting the node) is now implemented for
   mariabackup / xtrabackup, which should help to avoid almost all
   conflicts due to the use of the same ports - both during testing
   with mtr, so and when restarting nodes quickly in a production
   environment.
2) Added more protection to scripts against unexpected return of
   the rc != 0 (in the commands for deleting temporary files, etc).
3) Added protection against unexpected crashes during binlog transfer
   (in SST scripts for rsync).
4) Spaces and some special characters in binlog filenames shouldn't
   be a problem now (at the script level).
5) Daemon process termination tracking has been made more robust
   against crashes due to unexpected termination of the previous SST
   process while new scripts are running.
6) Reading ssl encryption parameters has been moved from specific
   SST scripts to a common wsrep_sst_common.sh script, which allows
   unified error handling, unified diagnostics and simplifies script
   revisions in the future.
7) Improved diagnostics of errors related to the use of openssl.
8) Corrections have been made for xtrabackup-v2 (both in tests and in
   the script code) that restore the work of xtrabackup with updated
   versions of innodb.
9) Fixed some tests for galera_3nodes, although the complete solution
   for the problem of starting three nodes at the same time on fast
   machines will be done in a separate commit.

No additional tests are required as this commit fixes problems with
existing tests.

make_join_select() calls const_cond->val_int(). There are edge cases
where const_cond may have a not-yet optimized subquery.

(The subquery will have used_tables() covered by join->const_tables. It
will still have const_item()==false, so other parts of the optimizer
will not try to evaluate it.  We should probably mark such subqueries
as constant but that is outside the scope of this MDEV)

This could cause out of order wsrep checkpoints due wsrep specific leader
code not being executed in `MYSQL_BIN_LOG::write_transaction_to_binlog_events`.
Move original result assignment to before wsrep logic to prevent that.
Reviewed-by: Jan Lindström <jan.lindstrom@mariadb.com>

MDEV-22617 Galera node crashes when trying to log to slow_log table in
streaming replication mode

Other things:
- Changed name of wsrep_after_row(two arguments) to
  wsrep_after_row_internal(one argument) to not depended on the
  function signature with unused arguments.
Reviewed-by: Jan Lindström <jan.lindstrom@mariadb.com>
	     Added test case

MDEV-26919: binlog.binlog_truncate_active_log fails in bb with valgrind, Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value

Problem:
========
When writing an XA based event to the binary log, an assert was
always referencing thd->lex->xa_opt. This variable, however, is
only set when using XA START, XA END, and XA COMMIT. When an
XA PREPARE statement is being processed, it is not guaranteed that
the xa_opt variable will be set (e.g. if existing within a stored
procedure). This caused valgrind to complain about accessing an
uninitialized variable.

Solution:
========
Before referencing xa_opt, ensure the context is valid such that
it is set.

Reviewed By:
============
Andrei Elkin <andrei.elkin@mariadb.com>

Small postfix to MDEV-23175 to ensure faster option on FreeBSD
and compatibility to Solaris that isn't high resolution.

ftime is left as a backup in case an implementation doesn't
contain any of these clocks.

FreeBSD
    $ ./unittest/mysys/my_rdtsc-t
    1..11
    # ----- Routine ---------------
    # myt.cycles.routine          :             5
    # myt.nanoseconds.routine     :            11
    # myt.microseconds.routine    :            13
    # myt.milliseconds.routine    :            11
    # myt.ticks.routine           :            17
    # ----- Frequency -------------
    # myt.cycles.frequency        :    3610295566
    # myt.nanoseconds.frequency   :    1000000000
    # myt.microseconds.frequency  :       1000000
    # myt.milliseconds.frequency  :           899
    # myt.ticks.frequency         :           136
    # ----- Resolution ------------
    # myt.cycles.resolution       :             1
    # myt.nanoseconds.resolution  :             1
    # myt.microseconds.resolution :             1
    # myt.milliseconds.resolution :             7
    # myt.ticks.resolution        :             1
    # ----- Overhead --------------
    # myt.cycles.overhead         :            26
    # myt.nanoseconds.overhead    :         19140
    # myt.microseconds.overhead   :         19036
    # myt.milliseconds.overhead   :           578
    # myt.ticks.overhead          :         21544
    ok 1 - my_timer_init() did not crash
    ok 2 - The cycle timer is strictly increasing
    ok 3 - The cycle timer is implemented
    ok 4 - The nanosecond timer is increasing
    ok 5 - The nanosecond timer is implemented
    ok 6 - The microsecond timer is increasing
    ok 7 - The microsecond timer is implemented
    ok 8 - The millisecond timer is increasing
    ok 9 - The millisecond timer is implemented
    ok 10 - The tick timer is increasing
    ok 11 - The tick timer is implemented

Small postfix to MDEV-23175 to ensure faster option on FreeBSD
and compatibility to Solaris that isn't high resolution.

ftime is left as a backup in case an implementation doesn't
contain any of these clocks.

FreeBSD
    $ ./unittest/mysys/my_rdtsc-t
    1..11
    # ----- Routine ---------------
    # myt.cycles.routine          :             5
    # myt.nanoseconds.routine     :            11
    # myt.microseconds.routine    :            13
    # myt.milliseconds.routine    :            11
    # myt.ticks.routine           :            17
    # ----- Frequency -------------
    # myt.cycles.frequency        :    3610295566
    # myt.nanoseconds.frequency   :    1000000000
    # myt.microseconds.frequency  :       1000000
    # myt.milliseconds.frequency  :           899
    # myt.ticks.frequency         :           136
    # ----- Resolution ------------
    # myt.cycles.resolution       :             1
    # myt.nanoseconds.resolution  :             1
    # myt.microseconds.resolution :             1
    # myt.milliseconds.resolution :             7
    # myt.ticks.resolution        :             1
    # ----- Overhead --------------
    # myt.cycles.overhead         :            26
    # myt.nanoseconds.overhead    :         19140
    # myt.microseconds.overhead   :         19036
    # myt.milliseconds.overhead   :           578
    # myt.ticks.overhead          :         21544
    ok 1 - my_timer_init() did not crash
    ok 2 - The cycle timer is strictly increasing
    ok 3 - The cycle timer is implemented
    ok 4 - The nanosecond timer is increasing
    ok 5 - The nanosecond timer is implemented
    ok 6 - The microsecond timer is increasing
    ok 7 - The microsecond timer is implemented
    ok 8 - The millisecond timer is increasing
    ok 9 - The millisecond timer is implemented
    ok 10 - The tick timer is increasing
    ok 11 - The tick timer is implemented

Some tools on Microsoft Windows refuse to work with symbolic links.
Let us simply copy the relatively small files instead.

The old code erroneously used default_charset_info to compare field names.
default_charset_info can point to any arbitrary collation,
including ucs2*, utf16*, utf32*, including those that do not
support strcasecmp().

my_charset_utf8mb4_unicode_ci, which is used in this scenario:

CREATE TABLE t1 ENGINE=InnoDB WITH SYSTEM VERSIONING AS SELECT 0;

does not support strcasecmp().

Fixing the code to use Lex_ident::streq(), which uses
system_charset_info instead of default_charset_info.

eval_substr(): Do not allow the string buffer of the first argument
to be extended. Trim the length of the returned result if it would
exceed the end of the buffer.

In case when filesort does not use addon field packing (because of
too small potential savings) and uses fixed width addon fields instead,
the field->pack() call can store less bytes when the field maximum
possible field length, e.g. in case of VARCHAR().
The memory between the packed length and addonf->length (the maximum length)
stayed uninitialized, which was reported by Valgrind/MSAN.

The problem was introduced by f52bf920 in 10.5,
which removed the tail initialization (probably unintentionally).

Restoring the bzero() in the fixed length branch,
so in case when pack() stores less bytes than addonf->length says,
the trailing bytes gets initialized.

Note, before f52bf920, the bzero()
was under HAVE_valgrind conditional compilation. Now it's being added
unconditionally:
- MSAN also reported the problem, so it's not only Valgrind specific.
- As Serg proposed, conditional initialization is bad - it can have
  potentional security problems as the non-initialized memory fragments
  can store various pieces of essential information, e.g. passwords.