Make sure that EXPLAIN object allocated on runtime arena.

MDEV-29924 Assertion `(((nr) % (1LL << 24)) % (int) log_10_int[6 - dec]) == 0' failed in my_time_packed_to_binary on SELECT when using TIME field

when assigning the cached item to the Item_cache for the first time
make sure to use Item_cache::setup(), not Item_cache::store().
Because the former copies the metadata (and allocates memory, in case
of Item_cache_row), and Item_cache::decimal must be set for
comparisons to work correctly.

Fix a couple of build warnings that fire with CONNECT engine.

MDEV-28822 Table from older version requires table rebuild when adding column to table with multi-column index

This problem was earlier fixed in 10.4 by the patch for MDEV-29481.

Adding MTR tests only.

MDEV-29640  FederatedX does not properly handle pushdown in case of difference in local and remote table names

FederatedX table may refer to a table with a different name on the
remote server:
  test> CREATE TABLE t2 (...) ENGINE="FEDERATEDX"
  CONNECTION="mysql://user:pass@192.168.1.111:9308/federatedx/t1";
  test> select * from t2 where ...;
This could cause an issue with federated_pushdown=1, because FederatedX
pushes the query (or derived table's) text to the remote server. The remote
server will try to read from table t2 (while it should read from t1).

Solution: do not allow pushing down queries with tables that have different
db_name.table name on the local and remote server.

This patch also fixes:
MDEV-29863 Server crashes in federatedx_txn::acquire after select from the
FederatedX table with partitions

Solution: disallow pushdown when partitioned FederatedX tables are used.

More checks for bad geometry data added.

return an error on invalid gis data

When a range rowid filter was used with an index ref access the cost of
accessing the index entries for the records rejected by the filter was not
taken into account. For a ref access by an index with big average number
of records per key this led to poor execution plans if selectivity of the
used filter was high.
The patch resolves this problem. It also introduces a minor optimization
that skips look-ups into a filter that turns out to be empty.
With this patch the output of ANALYZE stmt reports the number of look-ups
into used rowid filters.
The patch also back-ports from 10.5 the code that properly sets the field
TABLE::file::table for opened temporary tables.

The test cases that were supposed to use rowid filters have been adjusted
in order to use similar execution plans after this fix.

Approved by Oleksandr Byelkin <sanja@mariadb.com>

remove useless if()

The ALTER related code cannot do at the same time both:
- modify partitions
- change column data types

Explicit changing of a column data type together with a partition change is
prohibited by the parter, so this is not allowed and returns a syntax error:

  ALTER TABLE t MODIFY ts BIGINT, DROP PARTITION p1;

This fix additionally disables implicit data type upgrade
(e.g. from "MariaDB 5.3 TIME" to "MySQL 5.6 TIME", or the other way
around according to the current mysql56_temporal_format) in case of
an ALTER modifying partitions, e.g.:

  ALTER TABLE t DROP PARTITION p1;

In such commands now only the partition change happens, while
the data types stay unchanged.

One can additionally run:

  ALTER TABLE t FORCE;

either before or after the ALTER modifying partitions to
upgrade data types according to mysql56_temporal_format.

with C/C.
The patch introduces mariadb_capi_rename.h which is included into
mysql.h. The hew header contains macro definitions for the names being
renamed. In versions 10.6+(i.e. where sql service exists) the renaming
condition in the mariadb_capi_rename.h should be added with
&& !defined(MYSQL_DYNAMIC_PLUGIN)
and look like
The patch also contains removal of mysql.h from the api check.

Disabling false_duper-6543 test for embedded.

ha_federated.so uses C API. C API functions are being renamed in the server,
but not renamed in embedded, since embedded server library should have proper
C API, as expected by programs using it.
Thus the same ha_federated.so cannot work both for server and embedded
server library.

As all federated tests are already disabled for embedded,
federated isn't supposed to work for embedded anyway, and thus the test
is being disabled.

Abort startup, if SSL setup fails.
Also, for the server always check that certificate matches private key
(even if ssl_cert is not set, OpenSSL will try to use default one)

* galera_many_rows : reduce the time used
* wsrep_thd.cc : remove incorrect assertion
* disabled.def : disable failing test cases

the only query of the XA transaction is on a non-transactional table
errors out:

XA BEGIN 'x';
--error ER_DUP_ENTRY
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1),(1);
XA END 'x';
XA PREPARE 'x';

The binlogging pattern is correctly started as expected with
the errored-out Query or its ROW format events, but there is
no empty XA_prepare_log_event group.
The following

XA COMMIT 'x';

therefore should not be logged either, but it does.

The bug is fixed with proper maintaining of a read-write binlog hton
property and use it to enforce correct binlogging decisions.
Specifically in the bug description case XA COMMIT won't be binlogged
in both when given in the same connection and externally after disconnect.
The same continue to apply to an empty XA that do not change any data in all
transactional engines involved.

The lock is created during page splitting after moving records and
locks(lock_move_rec_list_(start|end)()) to the new page, and inheriting
the locks to the supremum of left page from the successor of the infimum
on right page.

There is no need in such inheritance for READ COMMITTED isolation level
and not-gap locks, so the fix is to add the corresponding condition in
gap lock inheritance function.

One more fix is to forbid gap lock inheritance if XA was prepared. Use the
most significant bit of trx_t::n_ref to indicate that gap lock inheritance
is forbidden. This fix is based on
mysql/mysql-server@b063e52a8367dc9d5ed418e7f6d96400867e9f43

FreeBSD 13 has libcurl in /usr/local/lib so linking failed just trying
to link curl by name. CMake finds curl's true place so let's use that.

Read the version of the view share when we read definition to prevent
simultaniouse access to a view table SHARE (and so its MEM_ROOT)
from different threads.

MDEV-16549 Server crashes in Item_field::fix_fields on query with view and subquery, Assertion `context' failed, Assertion `field' failed

Add one-table-resolve context for items created with an aim of switching
to temporary table because then it can be cloned in push-down-condition.

The problem was fixed earlier. Adding an MTR test only.

GRANT ROLE can update db-level privileges -> must invalidate acl_cache

* to "clear hostname cache" one needs to use hostname_cache->clear()
* no need to clear acl_cache for SET DEFAULT ROLE

This is a new version of the patch instead of the reverted:

  MDEV-28727 ALTER TABLE ALGORITHM=NOCOPY does not work after upgrade

Ignore the difference in key packing flags HA_BINARY_PACK_KEY and HA_PACK_KEY
during ALTER to allow ALGORITHM=INSTANT and ALGORITHM=NOCOPY in more cases.

If for some reasons (e.g. due to a bug fix such as MDEV-20704) these
cumulative (over all segments) flags in KEY::flags are different for
the old and new table inside compare_keys_but_name(), the difference
in HA_BINARY_PACK_KEY and HA_PACK_KEY in KEY::flags is not really important:

MyISAM and Aria can handle such cases well: per-segment flags are stored in
MYI and MAI files anyway and they are read during ha_myisam::open()
ha_maria::open() time. So indexes get opened with correct per-segment
flags that were calculated during the table CREATE time, no matter
what the old (CREATE time) and new (ALTER TIME) per-index compression
flags are, and no matter if they are equal or not.

All other engine ignore key compression flags, so this change
is safe for other engines as well.

storage/connect/libdoc.cpp:603:17: error: 'void xmlXPathInit()' is deprecated [-Werror=deprecated-declarations]