Fixes #8588.

LGTM=austin
R=austin
CC=golang-codereviews, khr
https://golang.org/cl/159700044

goprintf is a printf-like print for Go.
It is used in the code generated by 'defer print(...)' and 'go print(...)'.

Normally print(1, 2, 3) turns into

        printint(1)
        printint(2)
        printint(3)

but defer and go need a single function call to give the runtime;
they give the runtime something like goprintf("%d%d%d", 1, 2, 3).

Variadic functions like goprintf cannot be described in the new
type information world, so we have to replace it.

Replace with a custom function, so that defer print(1, 2, 3) turns
into

        defer func(a1, a2, a3 int) {
                print(a1, a2, a3)
        }(1, 2, 3)

(and then the print becomes three different printints as usual).

Fixes #8614.

LGTM=austin
R=austin
CC=golang-codereviews, r
https://golang.org/cl/159700043

In CL 160670043 the write function was changed
so a zero-length write is now allowed. This leads
the ExampleWriter_Init test to fail.

The reason is that Plan 9 preserves message
boundaries, while the os library expects systems
that don't preserve them. We have to ignore
zero-length writes so they will never turn into EOF.

This issue was previously discussed in CL 7406046.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=rsc, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/163510043

LGTM=rsc
R=golang-codereviews, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/166850043

Also a few other minor changes.

Fixes #8712.

LGTM=r
R=r
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/164150043

TBR=crawshaw
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/162390043

LGTM=rsc, aram, minux
R=golang-codereviews, aram, minux, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/162370045

Fixes #9007.

LGTM=iant, r
R=r, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/160670043

LGTM=rsc
R=golang-codereviews, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/165800043

Fixes #8787.

LGTM=rsc
R=rsc, dvyukov
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/153670043

No easy way to test (would have to actually trigger some routing
events from kernel) but the code is clearly wrong as written.
If the header says there is a submessage, we need to at least
skip over its bytes, not just continue to the next iteration.

Fixes #8203.

LGTM=r
R=r
CC=golang-codereviews, mikioh.mikioh, p
https://golang.org/cl/164140044

get -u now checks that remote repo paths match the
ones predicted by the import paths: if you are get -u'ing
rsc.io/pdf, it has to be checked out from the right location.
This is important in case the rsc.io/pdf redirect changes.

In some cases, people have good reasons to use
non-standard remote repos. Add -f flag to allow that.
The f can stand for force or fork, as you see fit.

Fixes #8850.

LGTM=r
R=r
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/164120043

Just to confirm the fix, by typing the follwing:
go test -run=TestLookupIPDeadline -dnsflood or
go test -run=TestLookupIPDeadline -dnsflood -tags netgo

Update #8602

LGTM=iant
R=iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/166740043

still need to do internal and import comments

LGTM=adg
R=golang-codereviews, adg
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/160600043

LGTM=adg, rsc
R=golang-codereviews, adg, bradfitz, dave, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/164090044

This leaked into the CL I submitted for Minux,
because I was testing it.

TBR=adg
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/159600044

NaCl creates /tmp. This lets the zip file populate it.

LGTM=adg
R=adg
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/159600043

Revived from CL 15690048.

Fixes #5356.

LGTM=rsc
R=adg, dvyukov, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/101400043

Add a short introductory section saying what most Go
programmers really need to know, which is that you
shouldn't have to read this document to understand
the behavior of your program.

LGTM=bradfitz, adg, tracey.brendan, iant, rsc, dsymonds
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz, tracey.brendan, adg, iant, rsc, dsymonds
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/158500043

Not a language change.

This is simply documenting the status quo which permits
builtin function names to be parenthesized in calls; e.g.,
both

        len(s)
and
        (((len)))(s)

are accepted by all compilers and go/types.

Changed the grammar by merging the details of BuiltinCall
with ordinary Calls. Also renamed the Call production to
Arguments which more clearly identifies that part of the
grammar and also matches better with its counterpart on
the declaration side (Parameters).

The fact that the first argument can be a type (for builtins)
or cannot be a type (for regular function calls) is expressed
in the prose, no need to make the grammar more complicated.

Fixes #9001.

LGTM=iant, r, rsc
R=r, rsc, iant, ken, dave
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/160570043

TBR=rsc
R=golang-codereviews
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/159590043

The test just doubled a certain number of times
and then gave up. On a mostly fast but occasionally
slow machine this may never make the test run
long enough to see the linear growth.

Change test to keep doubling until the first round
takes at least a full second, to reduce the effect of
occasional scheduling or other jitter.

The failure we saw had a time for the first round
of around 100ms.

Note that this test still passes once it sees a linear
effect, even with a very small total time.
The timeout here only applies to how long the execution
must be to support a reported failure.

LGTM=khr
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews, rlh
https://golang.org/cl/164070043

Shorter and easier to read form for a common character.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=adg, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews, zimmski
https://golang.org/cl/162340043

Move the release notes into an HTML file.
Start writing the text.

LGTM=rsc
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz, kamil.kisiel, tracey.brendan, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/161350043

The ftab ends with a half functab record consisting only of
the 'entry' field followed by a uint32 giving the offset of
the next table.  Previously, symtabinit assumed it could read
this uint32 as a uintptr.  Since this is unsafe on big endian,
explicitly read the offset as a uint32.

LGTM=rsc
R=rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/157660043

Before this CL, if the system resolver does a very slow DNS
lookup for a particular host, all subsequent requests for that
host will hang waiting for that lookup to complete.  That is
more or less expected when Dial is called with no deadline.
When Dial has a deadline, though, we can accumulate a large
number of goroutines waiting for that slow DNS lookup.  Try to
avoid this problem by restarting the DNS lookup when it is
redone after a deadline is passed.

This CL also avoids creating an extra goroutine purely to
handle the deadline.

No test because we would have to simulate a slow DNS lookup
followed by a fast DNS lookup.

Fixes #8602.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=bradfitz, mikioh.mikioh
CC=golang-codereviews, r, rsc
https://golang.org/cl/154610044

ARPHELPLINK yields 404; update the URL.

While here, also prefix the ARPREADME and ARPURLINFOABOUT URL's with the HTTP scheme to make 'em clickable links in the Add or Remove Programs listing.

LGTM=adg
R=golang-codereviews
CC=adg, golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/154580045

Wrong article, one stylistic point that bothers someone (but not me).

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/156680043

LGTM=iant
R=iant, minux
CC=golang-codereviews, golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/157460043

Complements the logic introduced in CL 147170043.

LGTM=rsc
R=rsc, gustavo
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/147240043

CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/164770043

The compatibility guideline needs to be clear about this even
though it means adding a clause that was not there from the
beginning. It has always been understood, so this isn't really
a change in policy, just in its expression.

LGTM=bradfitz, gri, rsc
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz, gri, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/162060043

We force runtime.GC before WriteHeapProfile with -test.heapprofile.
Make it possible to do the same with the HTTP interface.

Some servers only run a GC every few minutes.
On such servers, the heap profile will be a few minutes stale,
which may be too old to be useful.

Requested by private mail.

LGTM=dvyukov
R=dvyukov
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/161990043

CL 157910047 introduced code to turn a node representing
a zeroed composite literal into N, the nil Node* pointer
(which represents any zero, not the Go literal nil).

That's great for assignments like x = T{}, but it doesn't work
when T{} is used in a value context like T{}.v or x == T{}.
Fix those.

Should have no effect on performance; confirmed.
The deltas below are noise (compare ns/op):

benchmark                          old ns/op      new ns/op      delta
BenchmarkBinaryTree17              2902919192     2915228424     +0.42%
BenchmarkFannkuch11                2597417605     2630363685     +1.27%
BenchmarkFmtFprintfEmpty           73.7           74.8           +1.49%
BenchmarkFmtFprintfString          196            199            +1.53%
BenchmarkFmtFprintfInt             213            217            +1.88%
BenchmarkFmtFprintfIntInt          336            356            +5.95%
BenchmarkFmtFprintfPrefixedInt     289            294            +1.73%
BenchmarkFmtFprintfFloat           415            416            +0.24%
BenchmarkFmtManyArgs               1281           1271           -0.78%
BenchmarkGobDecode                 10271734       10307978       +0.35%
BenchmarkGobEncode                 8985021        9079442        +1.05%
BenchmarkGzip                      410233227      412266944      +0.50%
BenchmarkGunzip                    102114554      103272443      +1.13%
BenchmarkHTTPClientServer          45297          44993          -0.67%
BenchmarkJSONEncode                19499741       19498489       -0.01%
BenchmarkJSONDecode                76436733       74247497       -2.86%
BenchmarkMandelbrot200             4273814        4307292        +0.78%
BenchmarkGoParse                   4024594        4028937        +0.11%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchEasy0_32       131            135            +3.05%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchEasy0_1K       328            333            +1.52%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchEasy1_32       115            117            +1.74%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchEasy1_1K       931            948            +1.83%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchMedium_32      216            217            +0.46%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchMedium_1K      72669          72857          +0.26%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchHard_32        3818           3809           -0.24%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchHard_1K        121398         121945         +0.45%
BenchmarkRevcomp                   613996550      615145436      +0.19%
BenchmarkTemplate                  93678525       93267391       -0.44%
BenchmarkTimeParse                 414            411            -0.72%
BenchmarkTimeFormat                396            399            +0.76%

Fixes #8947.

LGTM=r
R=r, dave
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/162130043

CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/162140043

In theory both of these lines encode the same three fields:

        a,,c
        a,"",c

However, Postgres defines that when importing CSV, the unquoted
version is treated as NULL (missing), while the quoted version is
treated as a string value (empty string). If the middle field is supposed to
be an integer value, the first line can be imported (NULL is okay), but
the second line cannot (empty string is not).

Postgres's import command (COPY FROM) has an option to force
the unquoted empty to be interpreted as a string but it does not
have an option to force the quoted empty to be interpreted as a NULL.

From http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/sql-copy.html:

        The CSV format has no standard way to distinguish a NULL
        value from an empty string. PostgreSQL's COPY handles this
        by quoting. A NULL is output as the NULL parameter string
        and is not quoted, while a non-NULL value matching the NULL
        parameter string is quoted. For example, with the default
        settings, a NULL is written as an unquoted empty string,
        while an empty string data value is written with double
        quotes (""). Reading values follows similar rules. You can
        use FORCE_NOT_NULL to prevent NULL input comparisons for
        specific columns.

Therefore printing the unquoted empty is more flexible for
imports into Postgres than printing the quoted empty.

In addition to making the output more useful with Postgres, not
quoting empty strings makes the output smaller and easier to read.
It also matches the behavior of Microsoft Excel and Google Drive.

Since we are here and making concessions for Postgres, handle this
case too (again quoting the Postgres docs):

        Because backslash is not a special character in the CSV
        format, \., the end-of-data marker, could also appear as a
        data value. To avoid any misinterpretation, a \. data value
        appearing as a lone entry on a line is automatically quoted
        on output, and on input, if quoted, is not interpreted as
        the end-of-data marker. If you are loading a file created by
        another application that has a single unquoted column and
        might have a value of \., you might need to quote that value
        in the input file.

Fixes #7586.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/164760043

Per suggestion from rsc as a result of the dicussion of
(abandoned) CL 153110044.

Fixes #7192.

LGTM=r, rsc, iant
R=r, rsc, iant, ken
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/163050043

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/163760043

Pool memory was only being released during the first GC after the first Put.

Put assumes that p.local != nil means p is on the allPools list.
poolCleanup (called during each GC) removed each pool from allPools
but did not clear p.local, so each pool was cleared by exactly one GC
and then never cleared again.

This bug was introduced late in the Go 1.3 release cycle.

Fixes #8979.

LGTM=rsc
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz, r, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews, khr
https://golang.org/cl/162980043

test16 used to fail with gccgo.  The withoutRecoverRecursive
test would have failed in some possible implementations.

LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/151630043