The new option --log-innodb-page-corruption is introduced.

When this option is set, backup is not interrupted if innodb corrupted
page is detected. Instead it logs all found corrupted pages in
innodb_corrupted_pages file in backup directory and finishes with error.

For incremental backup corrupted pages are also copied to .delta file,
because we can't do LSN check for such pages during backup,
innodb_corrupted_pages will also be created in incremental backup
directory.

During --prepare, corrupted pages list is read from the file just after
redo log is applied, and each page from the list is checked if it is allocated
in it's tablespace or not. If it is not allocated, then it is zeroed out,
flushed to the tablespace and removed from the list. If all pages are removed
from the list, then --prepare is finished successfully and
innodb_corrupted_pages file is removed from backup directory. Otherwise
--prepare is finished with error message and innodb_corrupted_pages contains
the list of the pages, which are detected as corrupted during backup, and are
allocated in their tablespaces, what means backup directory contains corrupted
innodb pages, and backup can not be considered as consistent.

For incremental --prepare corrupted pages from .delta files are applied
to the base backup, innodb_corrupted_pages is read from both base in
incremental directories, and the same action is proceded for corrupted
pages list as for full --prepare. innodb_corrupted_pages file is
modified or removed only in base directory.

If DDL happens during backup, it is also processed at the end of backup
to have correct tablespace names in innodb_corrupted_pages.

For some reason, InnoDB debug tests on Windows fail due to rw_lock_t
if the function call overhead for some os_thread_ code is removed.

This change worked fine on Windows in combination with MDEV-24142.

os_thread_pf(): Remove.

os_thread_eq(), os_thread_yield(), os_thread_get_curr_id():
Define as macros.

ut_print_timestamp(), ut_sprintf_timestamp(): Simplify.

When executing set operations in a pipeline using only one temporary table
additional scans of intermediate results may be needed. The scans are
performed with usage of the rnd_next() handler function that might
leave record buffers used for the temporary table not in a state that
is good for following writes into the table. For example it happens for
aria engine when the last call of rnd_next() encounters only deleted
records. Thus a cleanup of record buffers is needed after each such scan
of the temporary table.

Approved by Oleksandr Byelkin <sanja@mariadb.com>

This change is needed in 10.5 to avoid extra malloc calls in val_str().
In 10.6 it's not needed anymore but the extra +1 byte doesn't harm
that much.

- Fold long comment rows and updated comments
- Moved one private function in class Item_func_rand among other private
  functions

This is for Oracle compatiblity. ENABLED is in Oracle the default case
and just ensures that the NOT NULL constraints will be tested, which is
also default in MariaDB

A side effect of MDEV-16264 is that a large number of threads will
be created at server startup, to be destroyed after a minute or two.

One source of such thread creation is srv_start_periodic_timer().
InnoDB is creating 3 periodic tasks: srv_master_callback (1Hz)
srv_error_monitor_task (1Hz), and srv_monitor_task (0.2Hz).

It appears that we can merge srv_error_monitor_task and srv_monitor_task
and have them invoked 4 times per minute (every 15 seconds). This will
affect our ability to enforce innodb_fatal_semaphore_wait_threshold and
some computations around BUF_LRU_STAT_N_INTERVAL.

We could remove srv_master_callback along with the DROP TABLE queue
at some point of time in the future. We must keep it independent
of the innodb_fatal_semaphore_wait_threshold detection, because
the background DROP TABLE queue could get stuck due to dict_sys
being locked by another thread. For now, srv_master_callback
must be invoked once per second, so that
innodb_flush_log_at_timeout=1 can work.

BUF_LRU_STAT_N_INTERVAL: Reduce the precision and extend the time
from 50*1 second to 4*15 seconds.

srv_error_monitor_timer: Remove.

MAX_MUTEX_NOWAIT: Increase from 20*1 second to 2*15 seconds.

srv_refresh_innodb_monitor_stats(): Avoid a repeated call to time(NULL).
Change the interval to less than 60 seconds.

srv_monitor(): Renamed from srv_monitor_task.

srv_monitor_task(): Renamed from srv_error_monitor_task().
Invoked only once in 15 seconds. Invoke also srv_monitor().
Increase the fatal_cnt threshold from 10*1 second to 1*15 seconds.

sync_array_print_long_waits_low(): Invoke time(NULL) only once.
Remove a bogus message about printouts for 30 seconds. Those
printouts were effectively already disabled in MDEV-16264
(commit 5e62b6a5).

The purpose of the InnoDB page cleaner subsystem is to write out
modified pages from the buffer pool to data files. When the
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct_lwm is not exceeded or
innodb_adaptive_flushing=ON decides not to write out anything,
the page cleaner should keep sleeping indefinitely until the state
of the system changes: a dirty page is added to the buffer pool such
that the page cleaner would no longer be idle.

buf_flush_page_cleaner(): Explicitly note when the page cleaner is idle.
When that happens, use mysql_cond_wait() instead of mysql_cond_timedwait().

buf_flush_insert_into_flush_list(): Wake up the page cleaner if needed.

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct_update(),
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct_lwm_update():
Wake up the page cleaner just in case.

Note: buf_flush_ahead(), buf_flush_wait_flushed() and shutdown are
already waking up the page cleaner thread.

Kudos to Marko for finding.

This partially reverts commit 6479006e.

Remove the constant tpool::aio::N_PENDING, which has no
intrinsic meaning for the tpool.

tpool::aio::N_PENDING: Replaces OS_AIO_N_PENDING_IOS_PER_THREAD.
This limits two similar things: the number of outstanding requests
that a thread may io_submit(), and the number of completed requests
collected at a time by io_getevents().

In the asynchronous I/O interface, InnoDB is invoking io_getevents()
with a timeout value of half a second, and requesting exactly 1 event
at a time.

The reason to have such a short timeout is to facilitate shutdown.

We can do better: Use an infinite timeout, wait for a larger maximum
number of events. On shutdown, we will invoke io_destroy(), which
should lead to the io_getevents system call reporting EINVAL.

my_getevents(): Reimplement the libaio io_getevents() by only invoking
the system call. The library implementation would try to elide the
system call and return 0 immediately if aio_ring_is_empty() holds.
Here, we do want a blocking system call, not 100% CPU usage. Neither
do we want the aio_ring_is_empty() trigger SIGSEGV because it is
dereferencing some memory that was freed by io_destroy().

The greedy fetch_add(1) approach of read_trylock() may cause
starvation of a waiting write lock request. Let us use a
compare-and-swap for the read lock acquisition in order to
guarantee the progress of writers.

Since commit 30ea63b7
we actually depend on futex on Linux. Also, we depend on
std::atomic for even longer.

We always defined PFS_SKIP_BUFFER_MUTEX_RWLOCK, that is,
the latches of the buffer pool blocks were never instrumented
in PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA.

For some reason, the debug_latch (which enforce proper usage of
buffer-fixing in debug builds) was instrumented.

In commit bf3c862f we introduced
an assertion that may dereference a null pointer.

This regression was caught by running the following:
./mtr --parallel=auto --suite=innodb \
--mysqld=--loose-innodb-adaptive-hash-index

The adaptive hash index is disabled by default since
commit 88cdfc5c (MDEV-20487)
and hence the problem was not caught earlier.

The test seems to deterministically fail on RelWithDebInfo builds
due to a timeout in wait_condition.inc.

According to Matthias Leich (the original author of the test),
the failure rate would reduce if we disabled the purge of
transaction history by setting innodb_force_recovery=2.

For now, let us run this stress test on debug builds only.

fil_space_t::flush_low(): Define and declare without inline.

ut_is_2pow(): Remove UNIV_LIKELY. This is almost exclusively
used in debug assertions. UNIV_LIKELY is not compatible with
static_assert in some compilers.

pipeline in community BB

Fix for rebuild from source step

Disable MCS on i386|i686 platforms

This patch puts MCS debian packaging files and part of debian/control
into the engine directory

Centos/RHEL7 have the MAP_HUGE_SHIFT constant
defined in linux/mman.h which needed to get included.

When MDEV-19544 (commit 1a6f4704)
simplified the initialization of the local variable
set_also_gap_locks, an inadvertent change was included.
Essentially, all code branches that are executed when
set_also_gap_locks hold must also ensure that
trx->isolation_level > TRX_ISO_READ_COMMITTED holds.
This was being violated in a few code paths.

It turns out that there is an even simpler fix: Remove the test
of thd_is_select() completely. In that way, the first part of
UPDATE or DELETE should work exactly like SELECT...FOR UPDATE.

thd_is_select(): Remove.

Starting with commit 7cffb5f6 (MDEV-23399)
the function buf_flush_page() will first acquire block->lock and only
after that invoke set_io_fix(). Before that, it was possible to reach
a livelock between buf_page_create() and buf_flush_page().

buf_page_create(): Directly try acquiring the exclusive page latch
without checking whether the page is io-fixed or buffer-fixed.
(As a matter of fact, the have_x_latch() check is not strictly necessary,
because we still support recursive X-latches.)
In case of a latch conflict, wait while allowing buf_page_write_complete()
to acquire buf_pool.mutex and release the block->lock.

An attempt to wait for exclusive block->lock while holding buf_pool.mutex
would lead to a hang in the tests parts.part_supported_sql_func_innodb
and stress.ddl_innodb, due to a deadlock between buf_page_write_complete()
and buf_page_create().

Similarly, in case of an I/O fixed compressed-only
ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED page, we will sleep before retrying.

In both cases, we will sleep for 1ms or until a flush batch is completed.

The data member tv_usec of the struct timeval is declared as suseconds_t
on MacOS. Size of suseconds_t is 4 bytes. On the other hand, size of ulong
is 8 bytes on 64-bit MacOS, so attempt to assign a value of wider type
(usec) to a value (tv_usec) of narrower type leads to error.

MDEV-23610: Slave user can't run "SHOW SLAVE STATUS" anymore after upgrade to 10.5, mysql_upgrade should take of that

Post push fix. Update version to 10.5.8.

This allows MariaDB to compile on old (limits to >2.6.32)
linux kernel versions.

This warns that attempts to use large pages will rely on
implict kernel determination.