The problem was using safe_table_name() instead of safe_table_name().str
with DBUG_PRINT

Storage engines generally expects that my_errno is set in case of errors

Affects:
MDEV-34150 Assertion failure in Diagnostics_area::set_error_status upon binary
           logging hitting tmp space limit
MDEV-9101 Limit size of created disk temporary files and tables

This bug was caused by moving flushing of the in-memory-row-events from
close_thread_tables() to binlog_commit() in MDEV-34150.
This was needed to be able to handle the case where binlog writes could
fail.

Galera have two case where the change caused problems:

- Row events in commit_one_phase_2() was not done in the case the standard
  binary log was not enabled but Galera was using the binary log
  internally.
- Galera disabled the call to binlog_commit_flush_stmt_cache() for not
  ending transactions.

Fixed by adding code that flushes the in-memory-row-events to the binary
log (write, but now sync) in the two above cases if Galera is enabled.

realloc can't be done for mysql->passwd. There's also no pretty way to
pass the ext-salt into hash_password, so let's use thread_local instead.

For GCC < 4.9 (SLES 12, CentOS 7), which don't support _Thread_local,
pk will be recalculated instead

Since MDEV-25829 Change default Unicode collation to uca1400_ai_ci
there is no need to set character-set-collations explicitly as its
the default.

Further mode the change in defaults affects all character sets that
support the uca1400_ai_ci collation.

This avoids a lot of SETVAL() results when applying a mysqldump with
sequences.

To make this possible, it was also necessary to enhance the mariadb
client with the option --print-query-on-error.
This option can also be very useful when running a batch of queries
through the mariadb client and one wants to find out where things goes
wrong.

TODO: It would be good to enhance mariadb_upgrade to not call the mariadb
client for executing queries but instead do this internally.  This
would have made this patch much easier!

Reviewed by: Sergei Golubchik <serg@mariadb.com>

- During recovery, InnoDB may fail to shrink the undo tablespaces
when there are no pages to recover while applying the redo log.
This issue exists only when innodb_undo_truncate is enabled.
trx_lists_init_at_db_start() could've applied the redo logs
for undo tablespace page0.

This fixes up the merge commit 829cb1a4

- InnoDB ignores the error while traversing the used
extents during shrinking process. Made changes in
fsp_traverse_extents() to handle error condition
correctly

On an UBSAN clang-15 build, if running with UBSAN option
halt_on_error=1 (the issue doesn't show up without it),
MTR fails during mysqld --bootstrap with UBSAN error:

call to function io_callback(tpool::aiocb*) through pointer to incorrect function type 'void (*)(void *)'

This patch corrects the parameter type of io_callback
to match its expected type defined by callback_func,
i.e. (void*).

Reviewed By:
============
<TODO>

Problem:
=======
During recovery, InnoDB fails to apply the redo log for
compressed tablespace. The reason is that InnoDB assumes
that pages has been freed while applying the redo log for it.
During multiple scan of redo logs, InnoDB stores the freed
page information when it have sufficient buffer pool pages.
Once it ran out of memory, InnoDB doesn't store freed page
information. But InnoDB assigns the freed page ranges to tablespace
in recv_init_crash_recovery_spaces() even though
InnoDB doesn't have complete freed range information.
While applying the redo log, InnoDB wrongly assumes that page
has been freed and it could lead to corruption of tablespace.
This issue is caused by commit 941af1fa (MDEV-31803)
and commit 2f9e2647 (MDEV-29911).

Solution:
========
During recovery, set recovery size and freed page information
for all tablespace irrespective of memory.

The bug can happens on macOS, if server closes the socket without sending
error packet to client. Closing the socket on server side is legitimate,
and happen e.g when write timeout occurs, perhaps also other situations.

However mysqltest is not prepared to handle mysql_errno 0, and erroneously
thinks connection was successfully established.

The fix/workaround in mysqltest is to treat client failure with
mysql_errno 0 the same as CR_SERVER_LOST (generic client-side
communication error)

The real fix in client library would ensure that mysql_errno is set
on errors.

Otherwise it may result in nonsensical values like 190 for a boolean.

Immediately close down the signal handler loop when we decide to
break connections as it's the start of process termination
anyway, and there's no need to wait once we've invoked break_connections.

The problem is that the test could query the status variable
Rpl_semi_sync_slave_send_ack before the slave actually updated it.
This would result in an immediate --die assertion killing the rest
of the test. The bottom of this commit message has a small patch
that can be applied to reproduce the test failure.

This patch fixes the test failure by waiting for the variable to be
updated before querying its value.

diff --git a/sql/semisync_slave.cc b/sql/semisync_slave.cc
index 9ddd4c5c8d7..60538079fce 100644
--- a/sql/semisync_slave.cc
+++ b/sql/semisync_slave.cc
@@ -303,7 +303,10 @@ int Repl_semi_sync_slave::slave_reply(Master_info *mi)
     reply_res= DBUG_EVALUATE_IF("semislave_failed_net_flush", 1,
                                 net_flush(net));
     if (!reply_res)
+    {
+      sleep(1);
       rpl_semi_sync_slave_send_ack++;
+    }
   }
   DBUG_RETURN(reply_res);
 }

--skip-not-found switch tells mtr to skip not found tests instead of aborting.
But it failed to skip the test if the suite name was not found.

This problem also made the *last-N-failed builbot builders fail
to run `mtr --skip-not-found` if the last commit removed a file in
the mysql-test/include/ directory.

This commit fixes it, now the not found test is properly skipped,
no matter what component of the test name was not found:

$ ./mtr main.foo --skip-not-found foo.main
...
==============================================================================
TEST                                  WORKER RESULT   TIME (ms) or COMMENT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
foo.main                                 [ skipped ]  not found
main.foo                                 [ skipped ]  not found
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

In cmake -DWITH_UBSAN=ON builds with clang but not with GCC,
-fsanitize=undefined will flag several runtime errors on
function pointer mismatch related to the lock-free hash table LF_HASH.

Let us use matching function signatures and remove function pointer
casts in order to avoid potential bugs due to undefined behaviour.

These errors could be caught at compilation time by
-Wcast-function-type-strict, which is available starting with clang-16,
but not available in any version of GCC as of now. The old GCC flag
-Wcast-function-type is enabled as part of -Wextra, but it specifically
does not catch these errors.

Reviewed by: Vladislav Vaintroub

MDEV-34227 On startup: UBSAN: runtime error: applying non-zero offset in JOIN::make_aggr_tables_info in sql/sql_select.cc

Avoid undefined behaviour (applying offset to nullptr).
The reported scenario is covered in mysql-test/connect-no-db.test
No new tests needed.

MDEV-32376 SHOW CREATE DATABASE statement crashes the server when db name contains some unicode characters, ASAN stack-buffer-overflow

Adding the test for the length of lex->name into show_create_db().

Without this test writes beyond the end of db_name_buff were possible
upon a too long database name.

MDEV-34237: On Startup: UBSAN: runtime error: call to function MDL_lock::lf_hash_initializer lf_hash_insert through pointer to incorrect function type 'void (*)(st_lf_hash *, void *, const void *)'

A few different incorrect function type UBSAN issues have been
grouped into this patch.

The only real potentially undefined behavior is an error about
show_func_mutex_instances_lost, which when invoked in
sql_show.cc::show_status_array(), puts 5 arguments onto the stack;
however, the implementing function only actually has 3 parameters (so
only 3 would be popped). This was fixed by adding in the remaining
parameters to satisfy the type mysql_show_var_func.

The rest of the findings are pointer type mismatches that wouldn't
lead to actual undefined behavior. The lf_hash_initializer function
type definition is

typedef void (*lf_hash_initializer)(LF_HASH *hash, void *dst, const void *src);

but the MDL_lock and table cache's implementations of this function
do not have that signature. The MDL_lock has specific MDL object
parameters:

static void lf_hash_initializer(LF_HASH *hash __attribute__((unused)),
                                MDL_lock *lock, MDL_key *key_arg)

and the table cache has specific TDC parameters:

static void tdc_hash_initializer(LF_HASH *,
                                 TDC_element *element, LEX_STRING *key)

leading to UBSAN runtime errors when invoking these functions.

This patch fixes these type mis-matches by changing the
implementing functions to use void * and const void * for their
respective parameters, and later casting them to their expected
type in the function body.

Note too the functions tdc_hash_key and tc_purge_callback had
a similar problem to tdc_hash_initializer and was fixed
similarly.

Reviewed By:
============
Sergei Golubchik <serg@mariadb.com>