Make an effort to emit a warning if we detect that an outside force
has modified the binlog.  This warning will not halt binlog writes.

We rely on file modification times to detect unexpected writes to
the binlog file.  This best-effort approach isn't fool-proof because
we cannot write to the binlog and get both the prior and current
modification times as an atomic operation.

There are four cases in which unexpected modification could occur:
 1. The time from when the we open the file until the first write.
 2. The time between the first and next writes (or between writes
    k and k+1)
 3. The time between the last write and when we close the file.
 4. In the case of 0 writes, the time from when we open the
    file until we close the file.

MariaDB writes binlogs with the help of the IO_CACHE, buffering
application writes together in memory, then later writing them
through to disk.  We need to see through the IO_CACHE to know when
file modifications occur so that we can compare the last known
file modification time to the most recent modification time.
However, not every user of IO_CACHE cares for this protection and
the overhead of extra stat system calls.  To encapsulate this new
behavior to binlogs, we add four new callbacks to the IO_CACHE
which in the default case do nothing.  These new callbacks are
triggered on certain file events:  file open, pre-write, post-write,
and file close.  We extend the IO_CACHE with a new type that holds
a copy of struct stat, containing the last file modification time,
keeping the new field(s) encapsulated away from the original IO_CACHE.
In the case of binlogs, we use instances of this new type wherever
we previously used IO_CACHE and we set the four new callbacks to invoke
the file modification time checks.

In commit 232d7a5e we almost got
the detection logic right. However, the XGETBV instruction would
crash if Linux was started up with the option noxsave.

have_vpclmulqdq(): Check for the XSAVE flag at the correct position
and also for the AVX flag.

This was tested on Ubuntu 22.04 by starting up its Linux 5.15 kernel
with and without the noxsave option.

Added missed methods to Item_string child.

Missing methods added to Item_bin_string

This is needed as the order of rows are not deterministic,
especially in future versions of table statistics.

The original code is correct.

valgrind and asan binaries should be built with a specialiced version of
mem_root that makes it easier to find memory overwrites.
This is what the BUILD scripts is doing.

The specialiced mem_root code allocates a new block for every allocation
which is visiable for any test that depenmds on the default original malloc
size and usage.

Running an UPDATE statement in PS mode and having positional
parameter(s) bound with an array of actual values (that is
prepared to be run in bulk mode) results in incorrect behaviour
in presence of on update trigger that also executes an UPDATE
statement. The same is true for handling a DELETE statement in
presence of on delete trigger. Typically, the visible effect of
such incorrect behaviour is expressed in a wrong number of
updated/deleted rows of a target table. Additionally, in case UPDATE
statement, a number of modified rows and a state message returned
by a statement contains wrong information about a number of modified rows.

The reason for incorrect number of updated/deleted rows is that
a data structure used for binding positional argument with its
actual values is stored in THD (this is thd->bulk_param) and reused
on processing every INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE statement. It leads to
consuming actual values bound with top-level UPDATE/DELETE statement
by other DML statements used by triggers' body.

To fix the issue, reset the thd->bulk_param temporary to the value
nullptr before invoking triggers and restore its value on finishing
its execution.

The second part of the problem relating with wrong value of affected
rows reported by Connector/C API is caused by the fact that diagnostics
area is reused by an original DML statement and a statement invoked
by a trigger. This fact should be take into account on finalizing a
state of diagnostics area on completion running of a statement.

Important remark: in case the macros DBUG_OFF is on, call of the method
  Diagnostics_area::reset_diagnostics_area()
results in reset of the data members
  m_affected_rows, m_statement_warn_count.
Values of these data members of the class Diagnostics_area are used on
sending OK and EOF messages. In case DML statement is executed in PS bulk
mode such resetting results in sending wrong result values to a client
for affected rows in case the DML statement fires a triggers. So, reset
these data members only in case the current statement being processed
is not run in bulk mode.

The #pragma that was removed in
commit e255837e (MDEV-34266)
turns out to be necessary for silencing all cases of
-Wstringop-truncation.

- Added plugin_debug.test, multiple_index.test to innodb_fts suite
from mysql-5.7.

- commit c5b28e55 removes the warning
for InnoDB rebuilding table to add FTS_DOC_ID

- multiple_index test case  has MATCH(a) values are smaller
than in MySQL because ROLLBACK updates the stat_n_rows.

- st_mysql_ftparser_boolean_info structure conveys boolean
metadata to mysql search engine for every word in the query.
This structure misses the position value to store the correct
offset of every word. So phrase search queries in plugin_debug
test case with boolean mode for simple parser throws
wrong result.

With wsrep_sst_rsync, node goes into endless loop when trying
to establish connection to donor for IST/SST if the database
is bind on specific IP address, not the "*".

This commit fixes this problem. Separate tests are not
required - the problem can occur in normal configurations
on a number of systems when selecting a bing address other
than "*", especially on FreeBSD and with the IPv6 addresses.

int wsrep_thd_append_key(THD*, const wsrep_key*, int, Wsrep_service_key_type)

CREATE TABLE [SELECT|REPLACE SELECT] is CTAS and idea was that
we force ROW format. However, it was not correctly enforced
and keys were appended before wsrep transaction was started.

At THD::decide_logging_format we should force used stmt binlog
format to ROW in CTAS case and produce a warning if used
binlog format was not ROW.

At ha_innodb::update_row we should not append keys similarly
as in ha_innodb::write_row if sql_command is SQLCOM_CREATE_TABLE.
Improved error logging on ::write_row, ::update_row and ::delete_row
if wsrep key append fails.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

A mixture of a multi-byte *TEXT column and a short binary column
produced a too large column.
For example, COALESCE(tinytext_utf8mb4, short_varbinary)
produced a BLOB column instead of an expected TINYBLOB.

- Adding a virtual method Type_all_attributes::character_octet_length(),
  returning max_length by default.
- Overriding Item_field::character_octet_length() to extract
  the octet length from the underlying Field.
- Overriding Item_ref::character_octet_length() to extract
  the octet length from the references Item (e.g. as VIEW fields).
- Fixing Type_numeric_attributes::find_max_octet_length() to
  take the octet length using the new method character_octet_length()
  instead of accessing max_length directly.

Let perror produce OS error messages in English

fprintf() on Windows, when used on unbuffered FILE*, writes bytewise.
This can make crash handler messages harder to read, if they are mixed up
with other error log output.

Fixed , on Windows, by using a small buffer for formatting, and fwrite
instead of fprintf, if buffer is large enough for message.

The reason is that on Windows, OpenSSL can be built with different C runtime
than the server (e.g Debug runtime in debug vcpkg build).

Overwriting only malloc(), with CRT that server is using can cause
mixup of incompatible malloc() and free() inside openssl.

To fix, overwrite all memory functions.

Usually it is not needed, but sometimes we need to testing interoperability,
e.g OpenSSL server / SCHANNEL client, or WolfSSL server / OpenSSL client.

For named pipe, server and client are on the same machine, and
opt_local_infile just adds unnecessary copying via "load data local infile"

Assertion `table->field[0]->ptr >= table->record[0] &&
table->field[0]->ptr <= table->record[0] + table->s->reclength' failed in
handler::assert_icp_limitations.

table->move_fields has some limitations:
1. It cannot be used in cascade
2. It should always have a restoring pair.

Rule 1 is covered by assertions in handler::assert_icp_limitations
and handler::ptr_in_record (commit 30894fe9).

Rule 2 should be manually maintained with care. Hopefully, the rule 1 assertions
may sometimes help as well.

In ha_myisam::repair, both rules are broken. table->move_fields is used
asymmetrically there: it is set on every param->fix_record call
(i.e. in compute_vcols) but is restored only once, in the end of repair.

The reason to updating field ptr's for every call is that compute_vcols can
(supposedly) be called in parallel, that is, with the same table, but different
records.

The condition to "unmove" the pointers in ha_myisam::restore_vcos_after_repair
is incorrect, when stored vcols are available, and myisam stores a VIRTUAL field
if it's the only field in the table (the record cannot be of zero length).

This patch solves the problem by "unmoving" the pointers symmetrically, in
compute_vcols. That is, both rules will be preserved maintained.

Test improvements only to make test more robust.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

Modified node config with longer timeouts for suspect,
inactive, install and wait_prim timeout. Increased
node_1 weight to keep it primary component when
other nodes are voted out.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

Replication of MyISAM and Aria DML is experimental and best
effort only. Earlier change make INSERT SELECT on both
MyISAM and Aria to replicate using TOI and STATEMENT
replication. Replication should happen only if user
has set needed wsrep_mode setting.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

Fixed used configuration and added suppression for warning
message. Test case changes only.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

Modified test configuration file to use wsrep_sync_wait
to make sure committed transactions are replicated before
next operation.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

New runtime type diagnostic (MDEV-34490) has detected that classes
Item_func_eq, Item_default_value and Item_date_literal_for_invalid_dates
incorrectly return an instance of its ancestor classes when being cloned.
This commit fixes that.

Additionally, it fixes a bug at Item_func_case_simple::do_build_clone()
which led to an endless loop of cloning functions calls.

Reviewer: Oleksandr Byelkin <sanja@mariadb.com>

Reason:
======
- InnoDB fails to load the instant alter table metadata from
clustered index while loading the table definition.
The reason is that InnoDB metadata blob has the column length
exceeds maximum fixed length column size.

Fix:
===
- InnoDB should treat the long fixed length column as variable
length fields that needs external storage while initializing
the field map for instant alter operation

Before this patch the crash occured when a single row dataset is used and
Item::remove_eq_conds() is called for HAVING. This function is not supposed
to be called after the elimination of multiple equalities.

To fix this problem instead of Item::remove_eq_conds() Item::val_int() is
used. In this case the optimizer tries to evaluate the condition for the
single row dataset and discovers impossible HAVING immediately. So, the
execution phase is skipped.

Approved by Igor Babaev <igor@maridb.com>

The slave would try to sync_with_master_gtid.inc,
but the master never actually saved its gtid position
so the test would move on too quickly.

Problem:
========
- After the commit ada1074b (MDEV-14398)
fil_crypt_set_encrypt_tables() iterates through all tablespaces to
fill the default_encrypt tables list. This was a trigger to
encrypt or decrypt when key rotation age is set to 0. But import
tablespace does call fil_crypt_set_encrypt_tables() unnecessarily.
The motivation for the call is to signal the encryption threads.

Fix:
====
ha_innobase::discard_or_import_tablespace: Remove the
fil_crypt_set_encrypt_tables() and add the import tablespace
to the default encrypt list if necessary

Remove an assert added by fix for MDEV-34417. BNL-H join can be used with
prefix keys. This happens when there are real prefix indexes on the
equi-join columns (although it probably doesn't make a lot of sense).

Anyway, remove the assert. The code receives properly truncated key values
for hashing/comparison so it can handle them just fine.

- commit 85db5347 (MDEV-33400)
retains the instantness in the table definition after discard
tablespace. So there is no need to assign n_core_null_bytes
during instant table preparation unless they are not
initialized.

Statements affected by this bug need all the following to be true
1) a derived table table or view whose specification contains a set
     operation at the top level.
2) a grouping operator (group by/having) operating on a column alias
     other than in the first select of the union/intersect
3) an outer condition that will be pushed into all selects in this
     union/intersect, either into the where or having clause

When pushing a condition into all selects of a unit with more than one
select, pushdown_cond_for_derived() renames items so we can re-use the
condition being pushed.
These names need to be saved and reset for correct name resolution on
second execution of prepared statements.

Reviewed by Igor Babaev (igor@mariadb.com)

We need to work around deficiencies of Valgrind, and apparently
the previous work-around attempts
(such as d247d649) do not work
anymore, definitely not on recent clang-based compilers.

MemorySanitizer should be fine; unfortunately we set HAVE_valgrind for it
as well.